{"id":55008,"date":"2012-04-22T15:35:31","date_gmt":"2012-04-22T15:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=55008"},"modified":"2026-04-03T07:40:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T07:40:11","slug":"copii-la-munca-in-america-anilor-1900-galerie-foto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=55008","title":{"rendered":"Copii la munc\u0103 \u00een America anilor 1900 (GALERIE FOTO)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fotograful Lewis Hine (1874-1940), originar din Wisconsin, sociolog \u015fi profesor, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucreze \u00een 1908 pentru Comitetul Na\u0163ional pentru problema Muncii Copiilor, care la acea vreme ducea o campanie contra folosirii copiilor ca for\u0163\u0103 de munc\u0103. \u00centre 1908 \u015fi 1912, Hine a c\u0103l\u0103torit prin America, fotografiind copii care lucrau \u00een fabrici, mine \u015fi \u00een agricultur\u0103, \u00een condi\u0163ii periculoase, unii dintre ei abia \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de trei ani.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1909, Hine a publicat primul grupaj de fotografii care \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fau condi\u0163iile \u00een care lucreaz\u0103 copiii, iar unele dintre pozele rezultate, cum este cea a unei feti\u0163e care prive\u015fte pe fereastr\u0103 \u00eentr-o fabric\u0103 de textile, au devenit unele dintre cele mai faimoase din istoria fotografiei americane.<\/p>\n

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Munca copiilor a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie oficial interzis\u0103 \u00een unele state americane chiar \u00een jurul anului 1830, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een multe comunit\u0103\u0163i rurale, unde copiii erau folosi\u0163i curent la munci agricole, ideea de a recurge la copii pentru a suplimenta veniturile familiei sau a suplini lipsa unor lucr\u0103tori \u00een plus, nu era privit\u0103 drept o barbarie, conform HistoryPlace.com. Uneori, \u00eentreaga familie se angaja \u00eentr-o fabric\u0103 sau pentru o companie care le furniza \u015fi locuin\u0163a \u015fi uneori le oferea \u015fi plata chiar \u00een produsele companiei. Interdic\u0163ia \u00een privin\u0163a muncii copiilor nu se aplica \u00een unele cazuri \u015fi familiilor de imigran\u0163i, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea au devenit cele mai vulnerabile, lucr\u00e2nd uneori din zori p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een noapte, cu o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 de lucru de 68-72 de ore.<\/p>\n

Comitetul Na\u0163ional pentru problema Muncii Copiilor, \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u00een 1904, a reu\u015fit inclusiv gra\u0163ie documentelor foto furnizate de Lewis Hine s\u0103 determine adoptarea unor legi mai stricte. \u00cen 1938, Congresul a adoptat Legea pentru Standarde Corecte de Munc\u0103 (Federal Wage and Hour Law), care limita s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na de lucru la 40 de ore, cu un salariu minim de 40 de cen\u0163i pe or\u0103, \u015fi interzicea folosirea muncii copiilor de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 16 ani, precum \u015fi angajarea adolescen\u0163ilor de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 ani pentru munci efectuate \u00een condi\u0163ii periculoase. Copiii de 14-15 ani puteau fi angaja\u0163i \u00eens\u0103, pe durat\u0103 limitat\u0103, \u00een afara orelor de \u015fcoal\u0103 sau \u00een vacan\u0163e pentru munci u\u015foare, excluz\u00e2nd minele, fabricile sau activit\u0103\u0163ile periculoase.<\/p>\n

Sursa foto: Biblioteca Congresului SUA, via ibtimes.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“M\u00e2nu\u0163ele care au construit America”: a\u015fa s-ar putea numi un c\u00e2ntec despre copiii de 12 ani, 8 ani sau chiar mai mici care lucrau \u00een fabrici de textile, \u00een mine, \u00een agricultur\u0103 sau ca v\u00e2nz\u0103tori de ziare \u00een Statele Unite de la \u00eenceputul secolului trecut.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3834],"tags":[553,27546,242,7606,106],"class_list":["post-55008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-copii","tag-fotografii-de-epoca","tag-istorie","tag-munca","tag-sua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55008"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71497,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55008\/revisions\/71497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}