\nBiologii specializa\u0163i \u00een dezvoltare de la Universitatea Tufts din Massachusetts au creat ceea ce ei numesc \u201eneurobo\u0163i\u201d, mici aglomer\u0103ri de celule capabile s\u0103 \u00eenoate \u00een ap\u0103, ob\u0163inute dintr-o combina\u0163ie de celule embrionare \u015fi \u0163esut neural provenit de la broa\u015fte.<\/p>\n
\nCercetarea se bazeaz\u0103 pe lucr\u0103rile anterioare ale grupului, condus de Michael Levin, care \u00een 2020 a raportat pentru prima dat\u0103 c\u0103 a creat \u201erobo\u0163i biologici\u201d din celule provenite de la broasca cu gheare african\u0103, Xenopus laevis, relateaz\u0103 IFL Science.<\/p>\n
\nAceste crea\u0163ii anterioare puteau efectua mai multe trucuri, inclusiv s\u0103 se t\u00e2rasc\u0103 de-a lungul suprafe\u0163elor \u015fi s\u0103 se replice prin devierea celulelor care pluteau liber pentru a forma noi biobo\u0163i, repet\u00e2nd acest proces p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru genera\u0163ii.<\/p>\n
\nAcum, cercet\u0103torii au ad\u0103ugat celule neuronale \u00een amestec pentru a vedea ce noi comportamente pot dezv\u0103lui.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eToate acestea se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreb\u0103ri foarte fundamentale [\u2026], \u015fi anume dac\u0103 un sistem nervos se poate dezvolta \u00eentr-un context complet nou, care nu este produsul a milioane de ani de selec\u0163ie natural\u0103 \u015fi, dac\u0103 da, cum se raporteaz\u0103 \u015fi func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een acest mediu biologic sintetic, sau chiar cum \u00ee\u015fi schimb\u0103 \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi amplific\u0103 r\u0103spunsurile \u015fi comportamentele\u201d, a declarat Levin.<\/p>\n
\nPentru a construi neurobo\u0163ii, cercet\u0103torii au prelevat \u0163esut cutanat \u00een dezvoltare de la embrioni de broasc\u0103 \u015fi au ad\u0103ugat celule precursoare neuronale dintr-un set separat de embrioni.<\/p>\n
\nLa scurt timp, celulele cutanate au format o form\u0103 sferic\u0103 \u00een jurul celulelor neuronale.<\/p>\n
\nStructura rezultat\u0103 a produs apoi un tip de celul\u0103 la suprafa\u0163a sa, numit\u0103 celul\u0103 multiciliat\u0103 (MCC).<\/p>\n
\nAcestea apar \u00een mod natural la suprafa\u0163a embrionilor Xenopus \u015fi sunt acoperite cu \u201efire de p\u0103r\u201d fine, formate din proteine, care se unduiesc pentru a propulsa neurobotul.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eIntegrarea unui sistem nervos remodeleaz\u0103 forma (morfologia) \u015fi func\u0163ia neurobotului\u201d, a spus prima autoare, Haleh Fotowat, \u00een aceea\u015fi declara\u0163ie.<\/p>\n
\n\u201e\u00cen compara\u0163ie cu biobo\u0163ii, neurobo\u0163ii sunt mai alungi\u0163i, prezint\u0103 modele distincte de expresie MCC, manifest\u0103 o activitate crescut\u0103 \u015fi comportamente spontane mai complexe \u015fi sufer\u0103 schimb\u0103ri substan\u0163iale \u00een expresia global\u0103 a genelor\u201d.<\/p>\n
\nCercet\u0103torii au descoperit, de asemenea, c\u0103 neurobo\u0163ii efectuau mi\u015fc\u0103ri mai complexe \u00een compara\u0163ie cu biobo\u0163ii standard \u015fi c\u0103 complexitatea mi\u015fc\u0103rilor cre\u015ftea atunci c\u00e2nd erau trata\u0163i cu un medicament care stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea neuronal\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nPentru unii, nu este deosebit de surprinz\u0103tor faptul c\u0103 structurile derivate din embrioni de broasc\u0103 pot face acest lucru.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen 2023, biologul de dezvoltare Jamie Davies de la Universitatea din Edinburgh, Sco\u0163ia, a rezumat situa\u0163ia pentru Scientific American spun\u00e2nd: \u201e\u00cen general, comunitatea de cercet\u0103tori care studiaz\u0103 embrionii de Xenopus \u015fi care cunosc aceste celule nu a \u00een\u0163eles cu adev\u0103rat de ce se face at\u00e2ta v\u00e2lv\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Biologii specializa\u0163i \u00een dezvoltare de la Universitatea Tufts din Massachusetts au creat ceea ce ei numesc \u201eneurobo\u0163i\u201d, mici aglomer\u0103ri de celule capabile s\u0103 \u00eenoate \u00een ap\u0103, ob\u0163inute dintr-o combina\u0163ie de celule embrionare \u015fi \u0163esut neural provenit de la broa\u015fte. Cercetarea se bazeaz\u0103 pe lucr\u0103rile anterioare ale grupului, condus de Michael Levin, care \u00een 2020 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[451,40586],"class_list":["post-246259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-roboti","tag-sistem-nervos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=246259"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246259\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=246259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=246259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=246259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}