\n\u00cen ad\u00e2ncurile Pe\u015fterii Sc\u0103ri\u015foara din Rom\u00e2nia se afl\u0103 unul dintre cei mai mari ghe\u0163ari subterani din lume, o mas\u0103 monumental\u0103 de ghea\u0163\u0103 de dimensiunea a aproximativ 40 de bazine olimpice, care a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se formeze \u00een urm\u0103 cu circa 13.000 de ani, scrie CNN. <\/p>\n
\nOamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 microbi antici c\u00e2ndva \u00eenchi\u015fi \u00een ghea\u0163a pe\u015fterii spun c\u0103 o tulpin\u0103 bacterian\u0103 pe care au decongelat-o \u015fi analizat-o este rezistent\u0103 la 10 antibiotice moderne folosite pentru tratarea unor boli precum infec\u0163iile urinare \u015fi tuberculoza.<\/p>\n
\nDe\u015fi nu exist\u0103 dovezi c\u0103 bacteria ar fi d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru oameni, \u201etrezirea\u201d unor microbi care au stat laten\u0163i timp de mii de ani poate suna ca intriga unui roman sau film SF. Totu\u015fi, noua cercetare arat\u0103 c\u0103 rezisten\u0163a, \u00een anumite cazuri, a evoluat natural \u00een mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor cu mult \u00eenainte ca antibioticele moderne s\u0103 fie dezvoltate sau prescrise de medici.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eBacteriile antice pot rezista la antibiotice moderne deoarece rezisten\u0163a la antibiotice este o caracteristic\u0103 evolutiv\u0103 veche, modelat\u0103 de-a lungul a milioane de ani prin competi\u0163ia dintre microbi\u201d, a declarat Cristina Purc\u0103rea, cercet\u0103tor senior la departamentul de microbiologie al Institutului de Biologie Bucure\u015fti al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne \u015fi autor principal al studiului publicat \u00een aceast\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een revista \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 Frontiers in Microbiology<\/em>.<\/p>\n \nPe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce se amestec\u0103 \u00eentre ele de-a lungul a milioane de ani, bacteriile pot \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u015fi tr\u0103s\u0103turi utile prin schimbul unor mici fragmente de ADN, chiar \u015fi \u00eentre specii bacteriene ne\u00eenrudite, \u00eentr-o veritabil\u0103 curs\u0103 evolutiv\u0103 a \u00eenarm\u0103rii. Aceast\u0103 strategie de supravie\u0163uire a dus, \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, la apari\u0163ia unor tulpini bacteriene neafectate de anumite antibiotice, medicamente care \u00ee\u015fi au originea \u00een compu\u015fi naturali. Studiul noteaz\u0103 c\u0103 acest fenomen este mai frecvent \u00een r\u00e2ndul microbilor care tr\u0103iesc \u00een medii extreme.<\/p>\n \n\u201eAntibioticele moderne pot accelera r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea rezisten\u0163ei, pe baza unor mecanisme moleculare care existau \u00een natur\u0103 cu mult \u00eenainte ca oamenii s\u0103 dezvolte aceste medicamente\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat Purc\u0103rea.<\/p>\n \nOamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 spun c\u0103 concluziile ob\u0163inute ar putea ajuta \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva superbacteriilor moderne care nu mai pot fi tratate cu antibioticele utilizate \u00een mod obi\u015fnuit.<\/p>\n \nNoua tulpin\u0103 bacterian\u0103 studiat\u0103 de Purc\u0103rea \u015fi colegii s\u0103i, denumit\u0103 Psychrobacter SC65A.3<\/em>, prosper\u0103 \u00een medii reci \u015fi nu ar putea infecta oamenii, a precizat aceasta.<\/p>\n \n\u201eAceast\u0103 tulpin\u0103 este psihrofil\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 iube\u015fte frigul, nu corpul uman. Majoritatea speciilor de Psychrobacter<\/em> se g\u0103sesc de obicei \u00een ghea\u0163\u0103 sau \u00een medii refrigerate\u201d, inclusiv \u00een alimente, a spus ea.<\/p>\n \nProba din studiu a provenit dintr-un carotelaj cilindric de ghea\u0163\u0103 de 25 de metri (82 de picioare) extras de echip\u0103 dintr-o zon\u0103 a pe\u015fterii cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Sala Mare. Carota con\u0163inea material \u00eenghe\u0163at acumulat pe parcursul a 13.000 de ani, \u00eens\u0103 proba analizat\u0103 \u00een studiu provenea din ghea\u0163\u0103 veche de 5.000 de ani.<\/p>\n \n\u00cen laborator, cercet\u0103torii au izolat diverse tulpini bacteriene \u015fi le-au secven\u0163iat genomul pentru a evalua ce gene permit supravie\u0163uirea la temperaturi sc\u0103zute \u015fi care sunt legate de rezisten\u0163a antimicrobian\u0103.<\/p>\n \n\u00cen cazul SC65A.3, atunci c\u00e2nd a fost expus\u0103 la 28 de antibiotice utilizate \u00een mod curent pentru tratarea infec\u0163iilor bacteriene, cercet\u0103torii au constatat c\u0103 tulpina era rezistent\u0103 la 10 dintre ele, inclusiv trimetoprim, clindamicin\u0103 \u015fi metronidazol.<\/p>\n \nPe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce planeta se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u015fte, iar ghe\u0163arii \u015fi pe\u015fterile de ghea\u0163\u0103 se topesc, microbii bloca\u0163i timp de mii de ani ar putea fi elibera\u0163i, a spus Purc\u0103rea. \u201eDe\u015fi majoritatea sunt inofensivi, unii ar putea purta rezisten\u0163\u0103 la antibiotice sau alte biomolecule necunoscute care ar putea afecta ecosistemele actuale\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat ea prin e-mail.<\/p>\n \nPurc\u0103rea \u015fi colegii s\u0103i nu sunt singurii cercet\u0103tori care evalueaz\u0103 riscurile microbilor \u00eenghe\u0163a\u0163i de mult timp \u015fi natura antic\u0103 a rezisten\u0163ei antimicrobiene pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce planeta se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u015fte. Al\u0163i cercet\u0103tori au reactivat virusuri vechi de 48.000 de ani, \u00eenghe\u0163ate \u00een permafrost, pentru a examina riscul redus, dar subestimat, al unui focar de boal\u0103 declan\u015fat de un agent patogen latent de mult timp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00cen ad\u00e2ncurile Pe\u015fterii Sc\u0103ri\u015foara din Rom\u00e2nia se afl\u0103 unul dintre cei mai mari ghe\u0163ari subterani din lume, o mas\u0103 monumental\u0103 de ghea\u0163\u0103 de dimensiunea a aproximativ 40 de bazine olimpice, care a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se formeze \u00een urm\u0103 cu circa 13.000 de ani, scrie CNN. Oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 microbi antici c\u00e2ndva \u00eenchi\u015fi \u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[7658,15630],"class_list":["post-245308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-antibiotice","tag-gheata"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245308"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245308\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\nNucleul de ghea\u0163\u0103<\/h3>\n