\nFiind n\u0103scut \u00een comunism, c\u00e2nd oferta de produse nu era prea bogat\u0103 \u015fi diversificat\u0103, chiar deloc, am tendin\u0163a s\u0103-mi cump\u0103r un lucru care \u00eemi place de dou\u0103 ori, ca nu cumva s\u0103 nu-l mai g\u0103sesc! A\u015fa se face c\u0103 \u00een toamn\u0103 am cump\u0103rat o pereche de pantofi sport albi de la Zara, foarte buni, la un pre\u0163 ireal \u2013 59,9 lei, la a \u201en\u201d-a reducere de pre\u0163. Acum, la \u00eenceputul lunii ianuarie, c\u00e2nd au \u00eenceput din nou reducerile de pre\u0163, am g\u0103sit aceea\u015fi pereche de pantofi sport, pe care am cump\u0103rat-o de data aceasta la un pre\u0163 de 99,9 lei. \u00cen prima s\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 din februarie am g\u0103sit la Zara aceea\u015fi pereche de pantofi sport albi, la un pre\u0163 de 69,9 lei. Toate perechile de pantofi au \u00eenceput de la un pre\u0163 de v\u00e2nzare de 279,9 lei, c\u00e2nd au intrat prima dat\u0103 \u00een magazin, cel pu\u0163in a\u015fa scrie pe etichet\u0103. Ace\u015fti pantofi sport sunt produ\u015fi \u00een Laos, acolo unde salariul minim este de 2.500.000 de LAK (laotian kip), ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 undeva la 115 dolari. Nu \u015ftiu dac\u0103 este salariul brut sau net. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, salariul minim brut \u00een dolari este de 970. V\u0103z\u00e2nd aceste mi\u015fc\u0103ri de pre\u0163uri, m\u0103 \u00eentreb c\u00e2t este pre\u0163ul de fabrica\u0163ie al acestor pantofi sport, c\u00e2t pl\u0103te\u015fte Zara pentru o pereche \u015fi cu c\u00e2t intr\u0103 \u00een magazine \u00een toat\u0103 lumea, pentru c\u0103 pre\u0163urile difer\u0103, cel pu\u0163in \u00een momentul \u00een care se fac reduceri. O reducere este la Viena, \u00een Londra, Nisa, alta este reducerea la Bucure\u015fti, Timi\u015foara, Ia\u015fi sau Cluj. Mi se pare o lume de business fascinant\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd stabile\u015fti pre\u0163ul de v\u00e2nzare al unui produs care trebuie s\u0103 includ\u0103, dincolo de pre\u0163ul de produc\u0163ie, toate celelalte elemente legate de crea\u0163ie, research & development, marketing, design, costul de logistic\u0103 \u015fi retail \u015fi, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, profitul pe tot lan\u0163ul. Spre exemplu, costul unui iPhone este de 90 de dolari, iar pre\u0163ul de v\u00e2nzare \u00een retail, la consumator, ajunge la 1.000 de dolari. \u00cen zona de retail, banii se fac \u015fi din gestiunea stocurilor, pentru c\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0163i po\u0163i permite s\u0103 \u0163ii foarte mult timp pe raft sau \u00een depozite o marf\u0103 veche, care nu s-a v\u00e2ndut c\u00e2nd trebuia s\u0103 se v\u00e2nd\u0103. A\u015f fi foarte curios s\u0103 v\u0103d formula de calcul pentru v\u00e2nzarea \u00een retail, adic\u0103 \u00een magazin, a perechii de pantofi sport albi, care a avut trei pre\u0163uri \u00eentr-un interval de c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 o competi\u0163ie mare, c\u00e2nd sunt mul\u0163i juc\u0103tori, capitalismul pune o presiune extraordinar\u0103 pe pre\u0163, care poate s\u0103 scad\u0103 extrem de rapid pentru ca retailerul, compania, s\u0103-\u015fi v\u00e2nd\u0103 marfa. Zara, brandul spaniol care a cucerit lumea, a venit cu un model de business care permite schimbarea rapid\u0103 a colec\u0163iilor, mult mai rapid dec\u00e2t al\u0163i retaileri, dec\u00e2t alte magazine. Iar c\u00e2nd sunt reduceri, reducerile bat tot. Asta e varianta capitalismului unde exist\u0103 concuren\u0163\u0103. Mai exist\u0103 \u015fi varianta capitalismului unde lupta este s\u0103 devii monopol \u015fi s\u0103 po\u0163i s\u0103 cre\u015fti pre\u0163urile f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mpini concuren\u0163\u0103. Warren Buffett, cel mai cunoscut investitor american, \u015fi-a bazat investi\u0163iile, dincolo de anumite formule, pe ideea s\u0103 cumpere o companie care este \u00eentr-un sector unde nu prea exist\u0103 concuren\u0163\u0103, unde barierele de intrare sunt foarte mari, unde reglement\u0103rile sunt extrem de ridicate \u015fi birocratice, care s\u0103-i descurajeze \u015fi pe al\u0163ii s\u0103 intre \u00een acest sector \u015fi, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, odat\u0103 ce ai intrat \u015fi nu prea exist\u0103 concuren\u0163\u0103, s\u0103 po\u0163i s\u0103 cre\u015fti pre\u0163urile de v\u00e2nzare, dar \u00een acela\u015fi timp s\u0103 tai cheltuielile c\u00e2t po\u0163i. De multe ori, c\u00e2nd cump\u0103r\u0103m un produs, \u00eencep\u00e2nd de la p\u00e2ine, lapte, ciocolat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la o pereche de pantofi sport, un costum, o geac\u0103 sau chiar o ma\u015fin\u0103, ne g\u00e2ndim c\u00e2t este pre\u0163ul de produc\u0163ie, de cost, al produsului sau serviciului respectiv \u00eenainte s\u0103 intre pe tot lan\u0163ul de v\u00e2nzare care s\u0103 includ\u0103 cheltuielile de logistic\u0103, marketing \u015fi financiare, plus marja de profit. A\u015fa c\u0103 m\u0103 tot g\u00e2ndesc c\u00e2t este pre\u0163ul de produc\u0163ie al perechii de pantofi sport albi de la Zara, pentru care am pl\u0103tit trei pre\u0163uri. <\/p>\n
\n(cristian.hostiuc@zf.ro)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fiind n\u0103scut \u00een comunism, c\u00e2nd oferta de produse nu era prea bogat\u0103 \u015fi diversificat\u0103, chiar deloc, am tendin\u0163a s\u0103-mi cump\u0103r un lucru care \u00eemi place de dou\u0103 ori, ca nu cumva s\u0103 nu-l mai g\u0103sesc! A\u015fa se face c\u0103 \u00een toamn\u0103 am cump\u0103rat o pereche de pantofi sport albi de la Zara, foarte buni, la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510,7211,529,512],"tags":[11752,283,7283,178,8521,387,8298,7178,87,9531,340,259,399,9984],"class_list":["post-245230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","category-comert","category-opinii","category-revista-bm","tag-capitalism","tag-cheltuieli","tag-costuri","tag-cristian-hostiuc","tag-logistica","tag-magazine","tag-marfuri","tag-marketing","tag-opinie","tag-pantofi","tag-preturi","tag-productie","tag-retail","tag-zara"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245230\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}