\nUn studiu recent, publicat \u00een revista \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 The Lancet Planetary Health, dedicat\u0103 rela\u0163iei dintre mediu, clim\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103tate, dezv\u0103luie c\u0103, dac\u0103 produc\u0163ia mondial\u0103 de plastic continu\u0103 \u00een ritmul actual, costurile pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea popula\u0163iei globale vor cre\u015fte dramatic p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2040. Cercetarea, prezentat\u0103 de Futura-Sciences, porne\u015fte de la cantitatea de plastic produs\u0103 la nivel mondial: peste 400 de milioane de tone sunt fabricate anual. Din acestea, aproape dou\u0103 treimi ajung, mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu, la gunoi, \u00een sistemele de colectare ale ora\u015felor \u015fi comunelor.<\/p>\n
\nOdat\u0103 ajuns acolo, plasticul nu dispare. Dimpotriv\u0103, pe tot parcursul ciclului s\u0103u de via\u0163\u0103 – de la extrac\u0163ia petrolului \u015fi gazelor folosite ca materie prim\u0103, la produc\u0163ie, transport, reciclare sau incinerare – el genereaz\u0103 emisii de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103, contribuie la poluarea aerului \u015fi elibereaz\u0103 substan\u0163e chimice toxice, cu efecte directe asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii.<\/p>\n
\nAutorii studiului, cercet\u0103tori din Marea Britanie \u015fi Fran\u0163a, au folosit modele statistice pentru a estima impactul cumulativ al acestor procese. Echipa include speciali\u015fti de la London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, una dintre cele mai importante institu\u0163ii de cercetare \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 din Regatul Unit, precum \u015fi de la Institut national de la recherche agronomique – institut public francez care studiaz\u0103 agricultura, alimenta\u0163ia \u015fi mediul.<\/p>\n
\nRezultatele sunt \u00eengrijor\u0103toare. Dac\u0103 modul actual de producere \u015fi gestionare a plasticului r\u0103m\u00e2ne neschimbat – scenariul \u201ebusiness as usual\u201d – impactul asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii la nivel mondial ar putea ajunge la 83 de milioane de ani de via\u0163\u0103 pierdu\u0163i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2040. Practic, raportat la anul de referin\u0163\u0103 2016, impactul aproape s-ar dubla, de la aproximativ 2,1 milioane de ani de via\u0163\u0103 pierdu\u0163i la 4,5 milioane.<\/p>\n
\n\u201ePoluarea cu plastic \u015fi emisiile asociate ciclului s\u0103u de via\u0163\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 via\u0163a \u015fi bun\u0103starea popula\u0163iilor din \u00eentreaga lume, dar amploarea acestor efecte asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 pe deplin cuantificat\u0103\u201d, explic\u0103 cercet\u0103torii. Potrivit acestora, efectele asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii sunt legate de \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103, poluarea aerului \u015fi de apari\u0163ia bolilor, inclusiv a unor decese premature, cauzate de expunerea la substan\u0163e chimice toxice.<\/p>\n
\nPentru a face mai u\u015for de \u00een\u0163eles acest mecanism, una dintre autoarele studiului, Megan Deeney, ofer\u0103 exemplul unei simple sticle de ap\u0103. Aceasta este fabricat\u0103 din petrol \u015fi gaze fosile, transformate \u00een polietilen tereftalat (PET) \u015fi transportat\u0103 pe distan\u0163e lungi p\u00e2n\u0103 la consumator. Dup\u0103 utilizare, chiar \u015fi \u00een condi\u0163iile recicl\u0103rii, are \u015fanse mari s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00eentr-o groap\u0103 de gunoi. Acolo, \u00een timp, se descompune \u015fi elibereaz\u0103 substan\u0163e chimice \u00een mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/p>\n
\nCercet\u0103torii atrag aten\u0163ia c\u0103 studiul nu surprinde pe deplin amploarea riscurilor. Analiza nu include expunerea direct\u0103 a popula\u0163iei la substan\u0163ele care pot migra din ambalajele alimentare – precum microplasticele sau al\u0163i compu\u015fi chimici – ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 impactul real asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii ar putea fi chiar mai mare dec\u00e2t cel estimat.<\/p>\n
\nExist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi ve\u015fti mai pu\u0163in sumbre. Modelele arat\u0103 c\u0103 impactul asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii ar putea fi redus cu aproximativ 43% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2040, dac\u0103 statele ar adopta politici ferme: reducerea produc\u0163iei de plastic, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irea colect\u0103rii \u015fi elimin\u0103rii de\u015feurilor, cre\u015fterea recicl\u0103rii, \u00eenlocuirea unor produse din plastic cu materiale alternative \u015fi introducerea sistemelor de reutilizare.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cens\u0103 cea mai eficient\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne reducerea produc\u0163iei de plastic \u00een sine, chiar \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 substituirea imediat\u0103 a materialelor, atrag aten\u0163ia speciali\u015ftii. Un acord \u00een acest sens la nivel mondial nu a fost posibil p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, \u00een principal din cauza intereselor economice ale statelor produc\u0103toare de petrol. \u201e\u00cen fa\u0163a unei crize de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 la scar\u0103 mondial\u0103, nimic nu \u00eempiedic\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u0163\u0103rile s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze la nivel na\u0163ional\u201d, consider\u0103 cercet\u0103torii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un studiu recent, publicat \u00een revista \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 The Lancet Planetary Health, dedicat\u0103 rela\u0163iei dintre mediu, clim\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103tate, dezv\u0103luie c\u0103, dac\u0103 produc\u0163ia mondial\u0103 de plastic continu\u0103 \u00een ritmul actual, costurile pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea popula\u0163iei globale vor cre\u015fte dramatic p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2040. Cercetarea, prezentat\u0103 de Futura-Sciences, porne\u015fte de la cantitatea de plastic produs\u0103 la nivel mondial: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[9696,21049,7853],"class_list":["post-244859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-efecte","tag-plastic","tag-studiu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=244859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=244859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=244859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=244859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}