\nIndustria chinez\u0103 a vehiculelor electrice a reu\u015fit \u00een doar c\u00e2\u0163iva ani s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 jum\u0103tate din pia\u0163a intern\u0103, zdrobind v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de automobile pe benzin\u0103 ale produc\u0103torilor globali care dominau c\u00e2ndva China.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cens\u0103 nu doar companiile str\u0103ine au pierdut teren. Mul\u0163i produc\u0103tori tradi\u0163ionali chinezi au asistat la pr\u0103bu\u015firea v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor lor pe pia\u0163a local\u0103, iar reac\u0163ia a fost una radical\u0103: au \u00eenceput s\u0103 inunde pie\u0163ele interna\u0163ionale cu ma\u015fini pe combustie pe care nu mai reu\u015feau s\u0103 le v\u00e2nd\u0103 acas\u0103.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen timp ce deciden\u0163ii politici occidentali \u00ee\u015fi concentreaz\u0103 aten\u0163ia asupra amenin\u0163\u0103rii reprezentate de vehiculele electrice chineze puternic subven\u0163ionate \u015fi impun tarife pentru a-\u015fi proteja pie\u0163ele, produc\u0103torii auto din SUA \u015fi Europa se confrunt\u0103 cu o provocare tot mai mare: ma\u015finile chineze\u015fti pe benzin\u0103 care c\u00e2\u015ftig\u0103 rapid teren \u00een \u0163\u0103ri precum Polonia, Africa de Sud sau Uruguay. Din 2020, 76% dintre exporturile auto ale Chinei au fost vehicule pe combustie, iar livr\u0103rile anuale au crescut de la un milion la peste 6,5 milioane, potrivit firmei Automobility, citate de Reuters.<\/p>\n
\nBoomul acestor exporturi este alimentat de acelea\u015fi subven\u0163ii \u015fi politici destinate EV-urilor care au lovit afacerile marilor produc\u0103tori occidentali \u00een China (VW, GM, Nissan) prin sus\u0163inerea unui num\u0103r uria\u015f de produc\u0103tori chinezi de vehicule electrice \u015fi declan\u015farea unui r\u0103zboi al pre\u0163urilor. Fenomenul scoate \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 anvergura politicilor industriale ale Beijingului, care urm\u0103re\u015fte s\u0103 domine sectoare strategice at\u00e2t pe plan intern, c\u00e2t \u015fi global.<\/p>\n
\nExporturile de ma\u015fini chineze\u015fti pe benzin\u0103 (excluz\u00e2nd vehicule electrice sau hibride plug-in) au fost suficiente anul trecut pentru a transforma China \u00een cel mai mare exportator auto din lume, arat\u0103 datele industriei \u015fi ale autorit\u0103\u0163ilor. Aceast\u0103 analiz\u0103 are la baz\u0103 o investiga\u0163ie Reuters \u00een zeci de pie\u0163e, completat\u0103 de interviuri cu directori din 11 produc\u0103tori chinezi \u015fi doi occidentali, precum \u015fi cu distribuitori \u015fi anali\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\nAfluxul de ma\u015fini chineze\u015fti cu motor termic c\u0103tre pie\u0163ele emergente este rezultatul ciocnirii dintre ambi\u0163ia actual\u0103 a Beijingului de a electrifica transportul \u015fi politicile anterioare care au construit industria auto pe combustie pornind de la tehnologia importat\u0103 de la produc\u0103torii str\u0103ini.<\/p>\n
\nPrintre cei mai mari exportatori se num\u0103r\u0103 gigan\u0163i de stat precum SAIC, BAIC, Dongfeng \u015fi Changan. Timp de decenii, ace\u015ftia au depins de parteneriate cu companii auto occidentale pentru profituri \u015fi know-how tehnic, alian\u0163e impuse \u00eenc\u0103 din anii \u201980 pentru ca juc\u0103torii str\u0103ini s\u0103 poat\u0103 intra pe pia\u0163a chinez\u0103. \u00cens\u0103, odat\u0103 cu ascensiunea produc\u0103torilor chinezi priva\u0163i de vehicule electrice, precum BYD, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile acestor joint-venture-uri s-au pr\u0103bu\u015fit. De exemplu, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile SAIC-GM au sc\u0103zut de la peste 1,4 milioane la 435.000 de vehicule \u00eentre 2020 \u015fi 2024.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen schimb, acelea\u015fi companii de stat prosper\u0103 acum pe pie\u0163ele externe care erau odinioar\u0103 dominate de partenerii lor occidentali. Exporturile SAIC, majoritar ale propriilor m\u0103rci, f\u0103r\u0103 GM, au crescut de aproape trei ori, dep\u0103\u015find un milion de vehicule anul trecut.<\/p>\n
\nDongfeng, de exemplu, a exportat aproape 250.000 de vehicule anul trecut, de patru ori mai multe dec\u00e2t acum cinci ani, un balon de oxigen vital \u00een contextul \u00een care v\u00e2nz\u0103rile prin parteneriatele sale chineze\u015fti cu Honda \u015fi Nissan intrau \u00eentr-o \u201espiral\u0103 descendent\u0103\u201d. Directorul regional Jelte Vernooij spune \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 viitorul Dongfeng nu este pus \u00een pericol: sprijinul statului face diferen\u0163a.<\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u201eFaptul c\u0103 suntem o companie de stat este esen\u0163ial\u201d, afirm\u0103 el. \u201eNu exist\u0103 nicio \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 vom supravie\u0163ui.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n
\nPentru moment, ma\u015finile pe benzin\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n mai populare \u00een pie\u0163ele cu infrastructur\u0103 limitat\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, precum Europa de Est, America Latin\u0103 sau Africa. Pe termen lung \u00eens\u0103, Beijingul urm\u0103re\u015fte domina\u0163ia global\u0103 \u00een vehicule electrice \u015fi hibride plug-in. Iar p\u00e2n\u0103 va ajunge acolo, produc\u0103torii chinezi \u00ee\u015fi consolideaz\u0103 brandurile interna\u0163ionale oferind clien\u0163ilor exact ceea ce \u00ee\u015fi doresc acum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Industria chinez\u0103 a vehiculelor electrice a reu\u015fit \u00een doar c\u00e2\u0163iva ani s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 jum\u0103tate din pia\u0163a intern\u0103, zdrobind v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de automobile pe benzin\u0103 ale produc\u0103torilor globali care dominau c\u00e2ndva China. \u00cens\u0103 nu doar companiile str\u0103ine au pierdut teren. Mul\u0163i produc\u0103tori tradi\u0163ionali chinezi au asistat la pr\u0103bu\u015firea v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor lor pe pia\u0163a local\u0103, iar reac\u0163ia a fost […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[17736,6577,101,104,201,246,5255,60,29,297,7147,8315,7212,7699],"class_list":["post-242837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-africa-de-sud","tag-auto","tag-benzina","tag-chinezi","tag-companii","tag-crestere","tag-masini","tag-piata","tag-polonia","tag-producator","tag-producatori","tag-teren","tag-vanzari","tag-vehicule"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=242837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=242837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=242837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=242837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}