\nNoul studiu arat\u0103 c\u0103 virusul, denumit A. fumigatus Polymycovirus-1 (AfuPmV-1M), confer\u0103 ciupercii avantaje cheie de supravie\u0163uire \u015fi virulen\u0163\u0103. Aspergillus fumigatus se transmite prin inhalarea sporilor \u015fi poate provoca infec\u0163ii pulmonare acute sau cronice, ori forme invazive care se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor.<\/p>\n
\nDe\u015fi majoritatea oamenilor inhaleaz\u0103 zilnic spori f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eemboln\u0103veasc\u0103, pacien\u0163ii imunodeprima\u0163i \u015fi cei cu afec\u0163iuni pulmonare r\u0103m\u00e2n vulnerabili, explic\u0103 Marina Campos Rocha, cercet\u0103toare postdoctoral\u0103 la Universitatea Ebraic\u0103 din Ierusalim \u015fi autoarea principal\u0103 a studiului, scrie Live Science.<\/p>\n
\nPotrivit datelor sintetizate de autori, aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 este responsabil\u0103 anual de aproximativ 2,1 milioane de cazuri de aspergiloz\u0103 invaziv\u0103 \u015fi 1,8 milioane de infec\u0163ii pulmonare cronice, dintr-un total de 6,55 milioane de infec\u0163ii fungice invazive la nivel global. Rata de mortalitate pentru formele invazive variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 30% \u015fi 80% la nivel mondial.<\/p>\n
\nEchipa condus\u0103 de Rocha a folosit un model murin infectat cu A. fumigatus purt\u0103tor al virusului AfuPmV-1M, \u00eentr-un scenariu tip \u201ep\u0103pu\u015f\u0103 ruseasc\u0103\u201d: virus \u00een ciuperc\u0103, ciuperca \u00een organism. Tulpina folosit\u0103 provenea din pl\u0103m\u00e2nul unui pacient decedat de aspergiloz\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nC\u00e2nd \u015foarecii au primit medicamente antivirale, rata de supravie\u0163uire a crescut, \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura fungic\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 a sc\u0103zut, iar nivelul viral a fost mai mic dec\u00e2t la animalele netratate. Cu alte cuvinte, doar prin vizarea virusului, severitatea infec\u0163iei fungice s-a redus.<\/p>\n
\nRezultatele contrazic un studiu din 2020 care sugera efectul invers \u2013 c\u0103 eliminarea virusului ar agrava infec\u0163ia. Rocha explic\u0103 diferen\u0163ele prin metodele distincte folosite pentru ob\u0163inerea tulpinilor f\u0103r\u0103 virus. Independent de studiu, Norman van Rhijn, cercet\u0103tor la Manchester Fungal Infection Group, consider\u0103 descoperirea \u201ecomplet nou\u0103\u201d \u015fi \u201eun pas important pentru \u00een\u0163elegerea capacit\u0103\u0163ii de virulen\u0163\u0103 a acestei ciuperci, cu poten\u0163ial de a extinde concluziile \u015fi la al\u0163i patogeni umani\u201d.<\/p>\n
\nAnalizele au indicat c\u0103, sub tratament antiviral, ciupercile s-au reprodus mai pu\u0163in eficient \u015fi au produs mai pu\u0163in\u0103 melanin\u0103 \u2013 pigment asociat cu cre\u015fterea virulen\u0163ei \u015fi a rezisten\u0163ei la medii ostile.<\/p>\n
\nVirusul nu poate infecta direct \u015foareci sau oameni, \u00eentruc\u00e2t \u00eei lipse\u015fte receptorul necesar pentru a se lega de celulele lor, arat\u0103 autoarea. Mai mult, specificitatea sa este restr\u00e2ns\u0103: \u201e\u00cen acest caz, poate infecta doar Aspergillus fumigatus. Nu poate infecta alte ciuperci\u201d, a precizat Rocha.<\/p>\n
\nMecanistic, oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 suspecteaz\u0103 c\u0103 AfuPmV-1M ajut\u0103 ciuperca s\u0103 supravie\u0163uiasc\u0103 prin controlul unor procese de procesare a ARN-ului, amplific\u00e2nd r\u0103spunsul la stres \u015fi produc\u0163ia de proteine. \u00cen experimente, celulele imune umane au avut dificult\u0103\u0163i mai mari s\u0103 distrug\u0103 tulpinile infectate cu virus dec\u00e2t pe cele neinfectate.<\/p>\n
\nDac\u0103 antiviralele testate la \u015foareci se dovedesc eficiente \u015fi la oameni, viitoarele terapii ar putea folosi aceste medicamente pentru a \u201esl\u0103bi\u201d ciuperca, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t sistemul imunitar sau antifungicele clasice s\u0103 o poat\u0103 elimina.<\/p>\n
\nRocha crede c\u0103 \u015fi al\u0163i patogeni fungici umani ar putea ad\u0103posti viru\u015fi asem\u0103n\u0103tori, care le sporesc rezisten\u0163a, iar echipa investigheaz\u0103 \u00een continuare mecanismele implicate.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eArticolul nostru reprezint\u0103 doar primul pas al acestei investiga\u0163ii. Scopul nostru mai amplu este s\u0103 oferim o explica\u0163ie detaliat\u0103, la nivel molecular, despre cum se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 acest proces\u201d, a spus cercet\u0103toarea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Virusul \u201eA. fumigatus Polymycovirus-1\u201d, supranumit \u201ep\u0103pu\u015fa ruseasc\u0103\u201d, a fost identificat \u00een interiorul ciupercii patogene Aspergillus fumigatus \u015fi \u00eei cre\u015fte rezisten\u0163a, \u00eengreun\u00e2nd tratamentul \u2013 mai ales la pacien\u0163ii cu imunitate sc\u0103zut\u0103 sau boli pulmonare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[14041,61339,11605],"class_list":["post-240490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-infectii","tag-papusa-ruseasca","tag-virus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=240490"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240490\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=240490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=240490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=240490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}