\nPe linia de produc\u0163ie a unei fabrici de b\u0103uturi spirtoase veche de 69 de ani din nord-vestul Chinei, ni\u015fte muncitori lipesc manual etichete pe sticlele unui alcool tare cunoscut sub numele de baijiu, scrie Bloomberg.<\/p>\n
\nIneficien\u0163a vizibil\u0103 la Shaanxi Qinyang Changsheng Brewing Co, companie care nu a mai \u00eenregistrat profit din 2020, ar putea p\u0103rea o anomalie \u00eentr-o \u0163ar\u0103 \u00een care robo\u0163ii \u00eenlocuiesc munca manual\u0103. Dar este o scen\u0103 care se repet\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 China, \u00een condi\u0163iile \u00een care proprietarii de firme \u015fi oficialii locali fac eforturi uria\u015fe pentru a proteja locurile de munc\u0103 \u015fi a men\u0163ine \u00een via\u0163\u0103 firmele aflate \u00een dificultate.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eDac\u0103 ne-am \u00eenchide, muncitorii no\u015ftri \u015fi-ar pierde veniturile \u015fi nu ar mai putea primi pensie\u201d, spune Megan Xiao, 35 de ani, fiica pre\u015fedintelui companiei, care se ocup\u0103 de marketing. Fabrica are 300 de angaja\u0163i, inclusiv unii angaja\u0163i printr-un program guvernamental de combatere a s\u0103r\u0103ciei. \u201e\u00cenchiderea fabricii ar provoca probleme sociale uria\u015fe \u00een regiunea noastr\u0103\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat ea.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen anii 1990, deciden\u0163ii politici au preg\u0103tit terenul pentru ascensiunea rapid\u0103 a Chinei ca principal produc\u0103tor mondial, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd mii de companii neproductive \u015fi concediind milioane de muncitor, m\u0103suri dure care au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it eficien\u0163a la nivel na\u0163ional. \u00cens\u0103, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce economia Chinei, de 19.000 de miliarde de dolari, \u00eencetine\u015fte, cererea pentru multe produse este deja saturat\u0103, iar consumatorii devin tot mai precau\u0163i cu cheltuielile, chiar dac\u0103 pre\u0163urile scad.<\/p>\n
\nNoua realitate a dus la cel mai mare num\u0103r de companii industriale neprofitabile din 2001 \u00eencoace, adic\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul acelei perioade de reforme.<\/p>\n
\nAsta las\u0103 guvernul lui Xi Jinping prins \u00eentre dou\u0103 obiective contradictorii: evitarea \u015fomajului \u00een mas\u0103, care ar putea declan\u015fa tensiuni sociale, \u015fi \u00eenchiderea \u00eentreprinderilor care produc \u00een exces, provoc\u00e2nd defla\u0163ie intern\u0103 \u015fi valuri de tarife anti-dumping din partea Europei, Americii Latine \u015fi SUA.<\/p>\n
\nPentru liderii de la Beijing, ocuparea for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 este o problem\u0103 chiar mai sensibil\u0103 politic dec\u00e2t cre\u015fterea economic\u0103, spune Neil Thomas, cercet\u0103tor \u00een politic\u0103 chinez\u0103 la Asia Society Policy Institute.<\/p>\n
\n\u201e\u015eomerii au mai pu\u0163in de pierdut dac\u0103 protesteaz\u0103, ceea ce \u00eei transform\u0103 \u00eentr-un risc mai mare\u201d, a declarat el. \u201eEforturile de reducere a capacit\u0103\u0163ii industriale se vor lovi, prin urmare, de rezisten\u0163\u0103, nu doar din partea angaja\u0163ilor \u015fi managerilor \u00eentreprinderilor afectate, ci \u015fi din partea oficialilor locali, a c\u0103ror evaluare depinde de men\u0163inerea stabilit\u0103\u0163ii sociale\u201d.<\/p>\n
\nConflictul comercial dintre Xi Jinping \u015fi Donald Trump nu face dec\u00e2t s\u0103 agraveze problema. R\u0103zboiul tarifar a redus exporturile c\u0103tre SUA \u015fi a pus \u00een pericol milioane de locuri de munc\u0103 din China, chiar \u015fi dup\u0103 un \u201earmisti\u0163iu\u201d care a redus taxele vamale suplimentare impuse de Washington de la 145% la 30%. Potrivit Deutsche Bank AG, sectorul manufacturier angajeaz\u0103 o cincime din for\u0163a de munc\u0103 a Chinei, mai mult dec\u00e2t dublu fa\u0163\u0103 de ponderea din SUA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pe linia de produc\u0163ie a unei fabrici de b\u0103uturi spirtoase veche de 69 de ani din nord-vestul Chinei, ni\u015fte muncitori lipesc manual etichete pe sticlele unui alcool tare cunoscut sub numele de baijiu, scrie Bloomberg. Ineficien\u0163a vizibil\u0103 la Shaanxi Qinyang Changsheng Brewing Co, companie care nu a mai \u00eenregistrat profit din 2020, ar putea p\u0103rea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[26746,6545,10275,276,98,11256],"class_list":["post-237469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-anii-90","tag-china","tag-fabrici","tag-locuri-de-munca","tag-romania","tag-somaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=237469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237469\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=237469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=237469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=237469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}