\nStanley Fischer, titan al economiei globale \u015fi omul-cheie din culisele crizelor financiare, a decedat la 81 de ani, informeaz\u0103 The New York Times.<\/p>\n
\nStanley Fischer, economist de renume mondial \u015fi fost guvernator de b\u0103nci centrale, cunoscut pentru calmul s\u0103u diplomatic \u015fi influen\u0163a decisiv\u0103 \u00een stabilizarea economiei mondiale, a murit s\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 la re\u015fedin\u0163a sa din Lexington, Massachusetts, la v\u00e2rsta de 81 de ani. Cauza decesului a fost legat\u0103 de complica\u0163ii provocate de boala Alzheimer, a declarat fiul s\u0103u, Michael.<\/p>\n
\nFischer a fost o figur\u0103 central\u0103 \u00een economia global\u0103 timp de decenii. A condus Banca Central\u0103 a Israelului \u00eentre 2005 \u015fi 2013, a fost vicepre\u015fedinte al Rezervei Federale a SUA \u00eentre 2014 \u015fi 2017 \u015fi a ocupat func\u0163ia de num\u0103r doi \u00een cadrul Fondului Monetar Interna\u0163ional \u00eentre 1994 \u015fi 2001 \u2013 perioad\u0103 marcat\u0103 de crize severe \u00een Mexic, Rusia, Asia \u015fi America Latin\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nProfesor la prestigiosul MIT, Fischer a fost mentorul unei genera\u0163ii \u00eentregi de lideri \u00een economie: Ben Bernanke (fost pre\u015fedinte al Fed), Mario Draghi (fost pre\u015fedinte al B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene), Kazuo Ueda (guvernatorul B\u0103ncii Japoniei), dar \u015fi Lawrence Summers, Christina Romer \u015fi N. Gregory Mankiw, nume de referin\u0163\u0103 \u00een politicile economice americane.<\/p>\n
\n\u201eA avut un rol fundamental \u00een formarea unei genera\u0163ii \u00eentregi de economi\u015fti \u015fi deciden\u0163i politici\u201d, a spus Bernanke \u00eentr-un interviu din februarie 2024.<\/p>\n
\nPresa american\u0103 \u00eel descria \u00eenc\u0103 din 1998 drept \u201eechivalentul unui medic de c\u00e2mp pentru economia mondial\u0103\u201d \u2013 Fischer ajut\u00e2nd la salvarea Rusiei de la colaps negociind prin telefon \u00een timp ce se afla pe o dun\u0103 de nisip \u00een Martha\u2019s Vineyard, \u00een vacan\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nSus\u0163in\u0103tor al a\u015fa-numitului Consens de la Washington, Fischer promova deschiderea c\u0103tre pie\u0163ele libere, investi\u0163iile str\u0103ine \u015fi comer\u0163ul global. A fost totu\u015fi contestat de economi\u015fti ca Joseph Stiglitz, care l-au acuzat c\u0103 aplica metode standardizate f\u0103r\u0103 a \u0163ine cont de particularit\u0103\u0163ile fiec\u0103rei \u0163\u0103ri. Fischer a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 deschiderea c\u0103tre globalizare a scos din s\u0103r\u0103cie sute de milioane de oameni \u00een \u0163\u0103ri precum China \u015fi India.<\/p>\n
\nTeoretician de marc\u0103 al \u201enoii economii keynesiene\u201d, Fischer a contribuit esen\u0163ial la reconcilierea dezbaterilor dintre interven\u0163ioni\u015fti \u015fi adep\u0163ii pie\u0163ei libere. \u00centr-un articol influent din 1977, a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 salariile \u201enu se ajusteaz\u0103 imediat\u201d, din cauza contractelor pe termen lung, ceea ce permite b\u0103ncilor centrale s\u0103 stimuleze economia f\u0103r\u0103 a declan\u015fa imediat infla\u0163ie. Concluzia sa: politica monetar\u0103 are \u00eenc\u0103 un rol important de jucat \u00een gestionarea ciclurilor economice.<\/p>\n
\nDe-a lungul carierei, Fischer a ocupat \u015fi func\u0163ii importante la Banca Mondial\u0103 \u015fi Citigroup, \u015fi a candidat pentru conducerea FMI \u00een 2011, pierz\u00e2nd \u00een fa\u0163a Christinei Lagarde din cauza v\u00e2rstei, de\u015fi el sus\u0163inea c\u0103 \u201eera plin de energie\u201d la 67 de ani.<\/p>\n
\nUna dintre cele mai mari calit\u0103\u0163i ale lui Fischer a fost capacitatea sa de a uni tabere opuse \u00een economie, dup\u0103 cum a remarcat economistul Olivier Blanchard: \u201eChiar \u015fi \u00een vremuri de r\u0103zboi ideologic \u00een macroeconomie, el promova dialogul, nu confruntarea.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nN\u0103scut pe 15 octombrie 1943, \u00eentr-o familie evreiasc\u0103 din Lusaka, Zambia (pe atunci Africa britanic\u0103), Fischer a crescut \u00eentr-un ora\u015f mic unde p\u0103rin\u0163ii s\u0103i de origine leton\u0103 \u015fi lituanian\u0103 de\u0163ineau un magazin general. A descoperit economia \u00een adolescen\u0163\u0103, iar lectura operei lui Keynes i-a deschis apetitul pentru marile \u00eentreb\u0103ri ale finan\u0163elor globale.<\/p>\n
\nA urmat cursuri la London School of Economics, apoi \u015fi-a luat doctoratul la MIT, unde a studiat al\u0103turi de laurea\u0163i Nobel precum Paul Samuelson \u015fi Robert Solow.<\/p>\n
\nC\u0103s\u0103torit cu Rhoda Keet din 1965, cu care a avut trei fii, Fischer a r\u0103mas p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul vie\u0163ii un om pasionat de economie, c\u0103l\u0103torii \u015fi provoc\u0103rile reale ale lumii \u00een care tr\u0103im.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Stanley Fischer, titan al economiei globale \u015fi omul-cheie din culisele crizelor financiare, a decedat la 81 de ani, informeaz\u0103 The New York Times. Stanley Fischer, economist de renume mondial \u015fi fost guvernator de b\u0103nci centrale, cunoscut pentru calmul s\u0103u diplomatic \u015fi influen\u0163a decisiv\u0103 \u00een stabilizarea economiei mondiale, a murit s\u00e2mb\u0103t\u0103 la re\u015fedin\u0163a sa din Lexington, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[20170,7267,182,14111,188,24896,13726,12737,41963,10588],"class_list":["post-237128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-banca-centrala","tag-banci","tag-criza","tag-deces","tag-economie","tag-economie-mondiala","tag-economist","tag-guvernator","tag-salvator","tag-titan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=237128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237142,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237128\/revisions\/237142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=237128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=237128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=237128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}