{"id":232273,"date":"2024-12-05T17:59:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T17:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=232273"},"modified":"2024-12-05T17:59:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T17:59:03","slug":"cutremur-economic-la-nivel-planetar-china-loveste-in-inima-industriei-americane-de-cipuri-prin-interdictii-si-sanctiuni-care-declanseaza-un-razboi-economic-fara-precedent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=232273","title":{"rendered":"Cutremur economic la nivel planetar: China love\u015fte \u00een inima industriei americane de cipuri prin interdic\u0163ii \u015fi sanc\u0163iuni care declan\u015feaz\u0103 un r\u0103zboi economic f\u0103r\u0103 precedent"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\nChina a confirmat public ceea ce p\u00e2n\u0103 acum se discuta doar discret: \u0163ara inten\u0163ioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 renun\u0163e la cipurile americane, raporteaz\u0103 Financial Times.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nPatru asocia\u0163ii industriale sus\u0163inute de guvern, care reprezint\u0103 majoritatea cererii de semiconductori din China, au lansat s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na aceasta declara\u0163ii coordonate, \u00eendemn\u00e2nd companiile membre s\u0103 reevalueze achizi\u0163iile de cipuri din SUA. Trei dintre asocia\u0163ii au descris aceste produse ca fiind \u201enesigure \u015fi nesustenabile\u201d.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\n\u201eFi\u0163i precau\u0163i la cump\u0103rarea cipurilor americane\u201d, au declarat organiza\u0163iile, \u00eencuraj\u00e2ndu-\u015fi membrii s\u0103 caute furnizori chinezi sau din alte \u0163\u0103ri.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nAceast\u0103 mi\u015fcare vine pe fondul escalad\u0103rii tensiunilor dintre Beijing \u015fi Washington, generate de competi\u0163ia tot mai intens\u0103 \u00een domeniul tehnologiilor avansate. Conflictul a accentuat tendin\u0163a de separare a lan\u0163urilor globale de aprovizionare.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nMar\u0163i, Beijingul a reac\u0163ionat prompt la noile restric\u0163ii americane privind exporturile, anun\u0163\u00e2nd interdic\u0163ia asupra exportului c\u0103tre SUA a unor metale \u015fi minerale esen\u0163iale, precum galiul, germaniul \u015fi antimoniul. Aceste m\u0103suri au urmat la doar c\u00e2teva ore dup\u0103 ce Washingtonul a impus controale stricte pentru a limita capacitatea Chinei de a fabrica cipuri avansate.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nNoile restric\u0163ii americane includ:<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\nLimit\u0103ri mai severe la exportul de echipamente de produc\u0163ie a semiconductorilor.<\/li>\n<li>\nInterdic\u0163ia exportului de cipuri avansate de memorie, utilizate \u00een inteligen\u0163a artificial\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nLa r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, China a restric\u0163ionat accesul SUA la grafit \u015fi alte materiale critice, semnal\u00e2nd o disponibilitate mai mare de a riposta direct \u00eempotriva presiunilor tehnologice americane.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\n\u201eBeijingul devine din ce \u00een ce mai frustrat de sanc\u0163iunile tehnologice ale SUA \u015fi este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 prin m\u0103suri care s\u0103 creeze dificult\u0103\u0163i economice pentru companiile americane\u201d, a explicat Paul Triolo, expert \u00een tehnologie la Albright Stonebridge Group.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nRestric\u0163iile chineze vor pune presiune pe industria american\u0103, inclusiv \u00een sectoarele de ap\u0103rare \u015fi tehnologie, care depind de materiale precum galiul \u015fi germaniul, pentru care China este principalul furnizor mondial. Potrivit estim\u0103rilor, o interdic\u0163ie total\u0103 asupra exporturilor acestor materiale ar putea reduce PIB-ul SUA cu 3,4 miliarde de dolari.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nSolicitarea Chinei ca firmele locale s\u0103 renun\u0163e la cipurile americane reprezint\u0103 o premier\u0103, de\u015fi directivele nu sunt ordine oficiale. Cu toate acestea, efectul descurajant este semnificativ.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nDirectorul unei companii europene de proiectare de cipuri a dezv\u0103luit c\u0103 a fost contactat de clien\u0163i chinezi \u00eengrijora\u0163i, care doreau s\u0103 confirme c\u0103 firma sa nu are leg\u0103turi americane.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nAceast\u0103 schimbare ar putea afecta masiv companiile americane produc\u0103toare de semiconductori:<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\nIntel, care a ob\u0163inut 27% din veniturile sale din China anul trecut.<\/li>\n<li>\nNvidia, care a generat 17% din v\u00e2nz\u0103rile sale \u00een aceea\u015fi regiune.<\/li>\n<li>\nQualcomm, care a raportat c\u0103 jum\u0103tate din veniturile sale anuale de 39 de miliarde de dolari provin din pia\u0163a chinez\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>\nOnsemi, ai c\u0103rei cipuri sunt integrate \u00een jum\u0103tate din vehiculele electrice produse \u00een China.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nAnali\u015ftii estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 firmele chineze, care controleaz\u0103 aproximativ 40% din pia\u0163a global\u0103 de smartphone-uri \u015fi 23% din cea de calculatoare, pot influen\u0163a semnificativ deciziile de aprovizionare la nivel global.<\/div>\n<div>\n&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>\nDecizia Chinei de a accelera eforturile pentru eliminarea dependen\u0163ei de cipurile americane eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 o reconfigurare profund\u0103 a pie\u0163elor tehnologice globale, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cele dou\u0103 mari puteri economice se \u00eendreapt\u0103 c\u0103tre o competi\u0163ie intens\u0103 \u015fi pe termen lung.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China a confirmat public ceea ce p\u00e2n\u0103 acum se discuta doar discret: \u0163ara inten\u0163ioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 renun\u0163e la cipurile americane, raporteaz\u0103 Financial Times. &nbsp; Patru asocia\u0163ii industriale sus\u0163inute de guvern, care reprezint\u0103 majoritatea cererii de semiconductori din China, au lansat s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na aceasta declara\u0163ii coordonate, \u00eendemn\u00e2nd companiile membre s\u0103 reevalueze achizi\u0163iile de cipuri din SUA. Trei dintre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[21816,6545,104,13906,201,295,9989,106],"class_list":["post-232273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-americane","tag-china","tag-chinezi","tag-cipuri","tag-companii","tag-confirmare","tag-renuntare","tag-sua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=232273"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232273\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=232273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=232273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=232273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}