\n\u00cen ultimul deceniu, cel mai mare lac artificial din Europa a transfor\u00admat un col\u0163 p\u00e2rjolit de soare din Por\u00adtugalia rural\u0103 \u00eentr-o oaz\u0103. Alqueva, un lac care irig\u0103 o zon\u0103 aproximativ de m\u0103rimea New York City, a ate\u00adnuat impactul c\u0103ldurii extreme \u015fi se\u00adcetelor asupra regiunii prin garanta\u00adrea unei surse de ap\u0103 \u00een timpul perioadelor lipsite de precipita\u0163ii.<\/p>\n
\nInvestitorii au luat cu asalt regi\u00adu\u00adnea. \u201eA schimbat complet peisajul \u015fi economia\u201c, arat\u0103 Diogo Vascon\u00adce\u00adlos, pre\u015fedinte al Asocia\u0163iei Tinerilor Fermieri din Sud. \u201eDar cu schim\u00adb\u0103rile climatice, avem mai pu\u0163ine precipita\u0163ii, astfel c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea apeleaz\u0103 la apa din Alqueva, ca la o solu\u0163ie magic\u0103\u201c.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cens\u0103 abunden\u0163a apei din lac a iscat conflicte \u00eentre grupuri de fer\u00admi\u00aderi portughezi \u015fi spanioli \u015fi tensiuni \u00eentre investitori locali \u015fi str\u0103ini, scrie Financial Times.<\/p>\n
\nSub sistemul actual, apa este fur\u00adnizat\u0103 \u00een func\u0163ie de suprafa\u0163a de te\u00adren, indiferent de c\u00e2t de eficient este aceasta folosit\u0103. Cotele pentru ferme sunt stabilite pe baza suprafe\u0163ei a\u00adces\u00adtora, \u00eenmul\u0163it\u0103 cu ratele de utilizare a apei pentru culturile acestora. Com\u00adpania de stat Edia, care administrea\u00adz\u0103 sistemul de iriga\u0163ii, este cea care stabile\u015fte ratele respective.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cens\u0103 unii investitori fac presiuni pentru schimbarea acestui sistem, a\u00adce\u015ftia dorind o rupere a leg\u0103turilor le\u00adgale dintre ap\u0103 \u015fi teren \u015fi posibili\u00adtatea ca apa s\u0103 fie tranzac\u0163ionat\u0103 de c\u0103tre cump\u0103r\u0103tori.<\/p>\n
\nSus\u0163in\u0103torii spun c\u0103 \u00een acest fel apa ar fi direc\u0163ionat\u0103 c\u0103tre fermele cele mai dispuse s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru \u015fi s\u0103 scoat\u0103 profit maxim din fiecare pic\u0103tur\u0103. Al\u0163ii sunt sceptici, \u00eens\u0103, spu\u00adn\u00e2nd c\u0103 nu este o problem\u0103 econo\u00admic\u0103, ci una politic\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nDezbaterea privitoare la oportu\u00adnitatea de a pune un pre\u0163 pe ap\u0103 \u015fi de a o tranzac\u0163iona isc\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri cum ar fi: pentru cine este infrastructura pu\u00adblic\u0103 de ap\u0103? Ar trebui statul s\u0103 \u00een\u00adcerce s\u0103 maximizeze veniturile din culturi oferind fermelor care utilizea\u00adz\u0103 tehnologie de ultim\u0103 or\u0103 capacita\u00adtea de a oferta pentru mai mult\u0103 ap\u0103, \u00een detrimentul fermelor, adesea de\u0163i\u00adnute de localnici, cu infrastructur\u0103 mai veche?<\/p>\n
\nIar preten\u0163iile altor grupuri de interes ar trebui solu\u0163ionate de c\u0103tre stat, sau o pia\u0163\u0103?<\/p>\n
\nAntonio Saraiva, care conduce Portugal Nuts, un grup ce reprezint\u0103 ceea ce acesta nume\u015fte \u201eproduc\u0103tori moderni\u201c de alune \u015fi Migdale, \u015fi-ar dori ca actualul sistem s\u0103 fie \u00eenlocuit cu o pia\u0163\u0103 \u00een care pre\u0163ul apei s\u0103 fie stabilit \u00een mod competitiv, iar drepturile de a o consuma tranzac\u0163ionate.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen Australia, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een California, pie\u0163ele pentru drepturi la ap\u0103 s-au dovedit controversate. Criticii argumenteaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een mod structural acestea confer\u0103 fermelor mai mari, adesea de\u0163inute de investitori str\u0103ini, un avantaj \u00een detrimentul comunit\u0103\u0163ilor locale \u015fi fermelor tradi\u0163ionale de familie.<\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cen ultimul deceniu, cel mai mare lac artificial din Europa a transfor\u00admat un col\u0163 p\u00e2rjolit de soare din Por\u00adtugalia rural\u0103 \u00eentr-o oaz\u0103. Alqueva, un lac care irig\u0103 o zon\u0103 aproximativ de m\u0103rimea New York City, a ate\u00adnuat impactul c\u0103ldurii extreme \u015fi se\u00adcetelor asupra regiunii prin garanta\u00adrea unei surse de ap\u0103 \u00een timpul perioadelor lipsite de precipita\u0163ii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[5593,11327,17312,16138,482,8810],"class_list":["post-229767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-apa","tag-ferme","tag-portugalia","tag-precipitatii","tag-pret","tag-tranzactionare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=229767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229767\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=229767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=229767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=229767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}