\nPandemia de coronavirus a pus cap\u0103t cre\u015fterii constante timp de un deceniu a fluxului de migran\u0163i la nivel mondial, relev\u0103 datele OCDE. Iar \u00een condi\u0163iile \u00een care multe \u0163\u0103ri \u00ee\u015fi \u00een\u0103spresc acum controalele la grani\u0163e, migra\u0163ia \u00een acest an va fi \u201edeparte de normal\u201c, potrivit lui Christophe Dumont, din cadrul organiza\u0163iei.<\/p>\n
\nMigran\u0163ii sunt cei care suport\u0103 consecin\u0163ele acestui fenomen, de la cei care nu-\u015fi g\u0103sesc slujbe, la membri de familie \u0163inu\u0163i departe unii de ceilal\u0163i, la studen\u0163i for\u0163a\u0163i s\u0103-\u015fi am\u00e2ne cursurile \u015fi refugia\u0163i bloca\u0163i \u00een tabere.<\/p>\n
\nVor exista efecte de durat\u0103 \u015fi pentru \u0163\u0103rile care s-au bazat \u00een ultimii ani pe un influx constant de nou-veni\u0163i pentru a le ocupa slujbele, a sus\u0163ine cre\u015fterea for\u0163ei de munc\u0103, a impulsiona sectorul de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi a compensa povara fiscal\u0103 a popula\u0163iei aflate \u00een curs de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire, spun economi\u015ftii.<\/p>\n
\nDe exemplu, \u00een Australia \u015fi Noua Zeeland\u0103 avansul PIB-ului a fost alimentat de popula\u0163ia \u00een cre\u015ftere, \u00een mare parte datorat\u0103 nivelurilor ridicate ale imigra\u0163iei nete.<\/p>\n
\nAlte guverne nu v\u0103d sc\u0103derea migra\u0163iei ca pe o problem\u0103 imediat\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 nivelurile totale ale \u015fomajului sunt \u00een cre\u015ftere \u00een majoritatea \u0163\u0103rilor. O excep\u0163ie este \u00een domenii cheie, cum ar fi s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u015fi agricultura; anul trecut unele \u0163\u0103ri au importat muncitori sezonieri chiar \u015fi \u00een timpul lockdownurilor.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cens\u0103 o sc\u0103dere de durat\u0103 a mobilit\u0103\u0163ii cross-border ar putea afecta \u0163\u0103rile unde migra\u0163ia a compensat presiunile fiscale ale popula\u0163iilor \u00een curs de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire, cum este cazul Germaniei.<\/p>\n
\nMigra\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103 s-ar putea redresa odat\u0103 cu redeschiderea grani\u0163elor, \u00eens\u0103 economi\u015ftii nu se a\u015fteapt\u0103 la o revenire la nivelurile de dinaintea pandemiei pentru o vreme.<\/p>\n
\nExperien\u0163a pandemiei a f\u0103cut guvernele s\u0103 realizeze valoarea migra\u0163iei for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 slab calificate \u00een unele sectoare. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, \u00eens\u0103 lockdown-urile au accelerat automatizarea, iar tehnologia ar putea erode cererea de astfel de muncitori, argumenteaz\u0103 Carlos Vargas-Silva, profesor la universitatea Oxford.<\/p>\n
\n\u00centre timp, cererea pentru migra\u0163ia de for\u0163\u0103 de munc\u0103 \u00eenalt calificat\u0103 ar putea sc\u0103dea puternic. O schimbare pe termen lung de acest fel ar putea reduce popula\u0163ia de v\u00e2rst\u0103 activ\u0103, \u015fi prin urmare baza fiscal\u0103, a unor \u0163\u0103ri dezvoltate, dar ar putea aduce \u015fi oportunit\u0103\u0163i pentru muncitorii califica\u0163i din lumea aflat\u0103 \u00een curs de dezvoltare.<\/p>\n
\nAstfel, pe viitor munca de la distan\u0163\u0103 ar putea face penuriile de for\u0163\u0103 de munc\u0103 din \u0163\u0103rile dezvoltate mai pu\u0163in probabile, diminu\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u015fi timp exodul creierelor din lumea aflat\u0103 \u00een dezvoltare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0162\u0103rile care au rezistat \u00een fa\u0163a pandemiei vor suferi consecin\u0163e economice de durat\u0103 generate de pr\u0103bu\u015firea la nivel mondial a migra\u0163iei muncitorilor califica\u0163i, fenomenul urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 cre\u015fterea popula\u0163iei de v\u00e2rst\u0103 activ\u0103 a acestora, avertizeaz\u0103 economi\u015ftii, potrivit Financial Times.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[8225,7603],"class_list":["post-190718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-analiza","tag-migratie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=190718"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190718\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=190718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=190718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=190718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}