{"id":188278,"date":"2020-11-21T14:03:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T14:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=188278"},"modified":"2020-11-21T14:03:00","modified_gmt":"2020-11-21T14:03:00","slug":"povestea-omului-care-a-schimbat-istoria-industriei-mondiale-de-petrol-si-gaze-compania-pe-care-a-fondat-o-are-astazi-venituri-de-sute-de-miliarde-de-dolari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=188278","title":{"rendered":"Povestea omului care a schimbat istoria industriei mondiale de petrol \u015fi gaze. Compania pe care a fondat-o are ast\u0103zi venituri de sute de miliarde de dolari"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\nWilliam Knox D\u2019Arcy s-a n\u0103scut pe 11 octombrie 1849, \u00een Newton Abbot, Devon, Anglia, \u00een familia unui avocat. El a urmat cursurile \u015fcolii Westminster School p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1866, c\u00e2nd familia a decis s\u0103 emigreze \u00een Australia, stabilindu-se \u00een Rockhampton, Queensland. Aici, D\u2019Arcy \u015fi-a continuat preg\u0103tirea academic\u0103, pl\u0103nuind s\u0103 \u00eei calce pe urme tat\u0103lui s\u0103u \u00eentr-o carier\u0103 de avocat. Pe 23 octombrie 1872 s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Elena Birkbeck. Odat\u0103 cu terminarea studiilor s-a al\u0103turat businessului tat\u0103lui s\u0103u \u015fi s-a lansat \u00een domeniul specula\u0163iilor. \u00cen 1882 a devenit partener \u00eentr-un sindicat care a decis deschiderea unei mine \u00een &nbsp;&nbsp;regiunea Ironstone Mountain din Queensland. La 4 ani distan\u0163\u0103, sindicatul a luat numele de Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company, av\u00e2ndu-l pe D\u2019Arcy \u00een func\u0163ia de director \u015fi ac\u0163ionar majoritar. \u00cen 1889, cu o avere substan\u0163ial\u0103, antreprenorul s-a \u00eentors \u00eempreun\u0103 cu familia sa \u00een Anglia, unde a cump\u0103rat un conac \u015fi o cas\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce so\u0163ia sa a murit, \u00een 1897, el s-a rec\u0103s\u0103torit cu Nina Boucicault.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen 1900, a decis s\u0103 finan\u0163eze o opera\u0163iune de c\u0103utare de petrol \u015fi minerale \u00een Persia. Negocierile cu regele Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar au \u00eenceput \u00een 1901, cu o ofert\u0103 de 20.000 de lire sterline (2,2 milioane de lire \u00een valoarea de ast\u0103zi a monedei), pentru o concesiune pe \u015faizeci de ani pentru explorarea petrolului. Ulterior, i s-au acordat drepturi de exploatare asupra \u00eentregii \u0163\u0103ri, cu excep\u0163ia a cinci provincii din nordul Iranului. \u00cen schimb, guvernului iranian i s-a acordat 16% din profiturile anuale ale companiei, un acord care avea s\u0103 \u00eei \u201eb\u00e2ntuie\u201d pe iranieni p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XX-lea. Dup\u0103 acest parteneriat, britanicii au devenit mult mai preocupa\u0163i de stabilitatea Iranului din cauza dependen\u0163ei lor de vastele rezerve de petrol ale \u0163\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>\nForajul a \u00eenceput la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 1902, sub conducerea lui George B. Reynolds. Dup\u0103 acumularea unor datorii \u015fi mutarea forajului \u00een sudul Persiei \u00eens\u0103, compania ajunsese, \u00een 1908, \u00een pragul falimentului. Pentru a-l evita, D\u2019Arcy a decis, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu conduc\u0103torii din Birmania, s\u0103 abandoneze opera\u0163iunea din Iran. &nbsp;I-a trimis a\u015fadar o telegram\u0103 lui Reynolds \u00een care i-a spus c\u0103 a r\u0103mas f\u0103r\u0103 bani \u015fi i-a ordonat &nbsp;\u201es\u0103 \u00eenceteze munca, s\u0103 concedieze personalul \u015fi s\u0103 vin\u0103 acas\u0103\u201d. Reynolds nu a urmat \u00eens\u0103 ordinul imediat, \u015fi, printr-o \u00eent\u00e2mplare norocoas\u0103, a descoperit o rezerv\u0103 bogat\u0103 de petrol, care avea s\u0103 constituie piatra de temelie a companiei Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), cunoscut\u0103 ast\u0103zi sub numele de British Petroleum (BP), \u00een fruntea c\u0103reia D\u2019Arcy a fost numit \u00een func\u0163ia de director. Antreprenorul a murit pe 1 mai 1917, la v\u00e2rsta de 67 de ani, fiind inclus postmortem, \u00een 2012, \u00een Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen aprilie 2010, BP a fost implicat\u0103 \u00een unul dintre cele mai mari dezastre ecologice din istorie, incident petrecut \u00een Golful Mexic, cunoscut sub numele de Deepwater Horizon \u2013 cea mare deversare de petrol din istoria industriei petroliere.<\/p>\n<p>\nAnul trecut, compania a \u00eenregistrat venituri de peste 282 de miliarde de dolari, func\u0163ion\u00e2nd cu o echip\u0103 de circa 73.000 de angaja\u0163i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/storage0.dms.mpinteractiv.ro\/media\/401\/341\/5531\/19746267\/2\/cifra.jpg?height=414&#038;width=450\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 414px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intrat \u00een istorie sub sintagma \u201eD\u2019Arcy Concession\u201d, William Knox D\u2019Arcy a jucat un rol decisiv \u00een industria exploat\u0103rii petroliere la nivel mondial. \u00cen urma unui parteneriat avantajos cu Iranul, prin care a ob\u0163inut dreptul de explorare a cantit\u0103\u0163ilor uria\u015fe de petrol ale \u0163\u0103rii, a luat na\u015ftere gigantul British Petroleum, unul dintre cei \u015fapte \u201esupermajors\u201d din Big Oil, un clasament care include cele mai mari companii de petrol \u015fi gaze listate la burs\u0103: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Total \u015fi ConocoPhillips.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510,512],"tags":[17675,47261,242,47262],"class_list":["post-188278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","category-revista-bm","tag-british-petroleum","tag-capitalistul-saptamani","tag-istorie","tag-william-knox-darcy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=188278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188278\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=188278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=188278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=188278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}