{"id":183663,"date":"2020-06-08T18:14:41","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T18:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=183663"},"modified":"2020-06-08T18:14:41","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T18:14:41","slug":"de-ce-trebuie-sa-sustina-guvernul-creditul-comercial-solutii-europene-sau-medievalism-electoral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=183663","title":{"rendered":"De ce trebuie s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 guvernul creditul comercial? Solu\u0163ii europene sau medievalism electoral?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nA ap\u0103rut \u00een dezbaterea public\u0103 proiectul sus\u0163inut de guvern de sus\u0163inere a creditului comercial printr-o schema de reasigurare. A\u015f vrea s\u0103 explic mai \u00eent\u00e2i ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 acest lucru pentru cititorii acestui ziar.<\/p>\n

\nCreditul comercial este scutirea de plat\u0103 imediat\u0103 a facturii c\u0103tre furnizor. Adic\u0103, dac\u0103 e\u015fti brutar \u015fi cumperi f\u0103in\u0103, iar produc\u0103torul de f\u0103in\u0103 a\u015fteapt\u0103 trei luni p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei dai banii, brutarul prime\u015fte timp de trei luni credit comercial. Aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 este foarte des \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, mul\u0163i comercian\u0163i sustinandu-\u015fi afacerile tocmai prin acest credit comercial.<\/p>\n

\nCa s\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegem volumul de credit comercial din economia noastr\u0103 este de trei ori mai mare dec\u00e2t creditul bancar, respective 383 de miliarde (credit comercial) versus 117 de miliarde de lei (credi bancar). \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, termenul mediu de plat\u0103 al facturilor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a ajuns la 114 zile, de dou\u0103 ori peste media european\u0103 \u015fi fa\u0163\u0103 de nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een urm\u0103 cu un deceniu.<\/p>\n

\nCifrele din tabelul urm\u0103tor ilustreaz\u0103 amplificarea creditului comercial \u00een ultimul deceniu, \u00een contextual \u00een care companiile active \u00een Rom\u00e2nia au migrat accentuat dinspre creditul financiar (imprumutiri de la b\u0103nci) c\u0103tre creditului comercial (aprovizionarea de la furnizori cu termen de plat\u0103 \u00een viitor).<\/p>\n

\nTabel 1.<\/strong> Evolutia creditului bancar vs comercial unic (cifre exprimate in miliarde RON)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n Anul<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nSold Credite acordate companiilor de catre banci<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nCredite acordate companiilor pe termen scurt de catre banci<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nSold Creante comerciale<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nCredit comercial unic (dupa ajustarea cu efectul de multiplicare)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nTermen  plata facturi in Romania<\/p>\n

\n(nr. zile)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2007<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n168<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2008<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n213<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n80<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2009<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n221<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2010<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n249<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2011<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n119<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n269<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2012<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n121<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n296<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2013<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n115<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n294<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n109<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n321<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n104<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2015<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n338<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n113<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n114<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2016<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n307<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n104<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2017<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n333<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n111<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2018<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n110<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n371<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n124<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n114<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\n2019<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n117<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n383<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n128<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n115<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nSursa: BNR (pentru creditul bancar), situa\u0163iile financiare ale companiilor active \u00een Rom\u00e2nia (pentru estimarea creditului comercial)<\/p>\n

\nAcest fenomen amplific\u0103 interdependen\u0163a \u00eentre companii \u015fi cre\u015fte riscul sistemic, respectiv propagarea efectelor negative de la o companie la alta. Astfel, o firm\u0103 care intr\u0103 \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi nu \u00ee\u015fi pl\u0103te\u015fte facturile afecteaz\u0103 negativ cel pu\u0163in 4 companii, acestea din urma av\u00e2nd dificult\u0103\u0163i din cauza neincasarii facturilor \u015fi fiind expuse riscului de insolven\u0163\u0103, ceea ce poate duce la disponibiliz\u0103ri, cre\u015fterea \u015fomajului \u015fi diminuarea veniturilor publice alte statului, periclit\u00e2nd capacitatea acestuia de a interveni pentru sus\u0163inerea mediului de afaceri \u00een contextul pandemiei Covid-19.<\/p>\n

\nAcum s\u0103 ne ducem la rela\u0163ia dintre cele trei mari companii de asigurare a creditului comercial \u015fi pia\u0163\u0103. Este important de men\u0163ionat, c\u0103 \u00een toate \u0163\u0103rile Uniunii Europene aceste trei mari companii acoper\u0103 peste 90% din pia\u0163\u0103. Deci acest oligopol este \u015fi \u00een Germania, Fran\u0163a, Olanda, Polonia, etc. Astfel, aceste companii garanteaz\u0103 facturile \u015fi \u00een felul acesta firmele care v\u00e2nd produsele \u015ftiu c\u0103 dac\u0103 nu \u00ee\u015fi recupereaz\u0103 banii, firmele de asigur\u0103ri le vor da banii \u00eenapoi. \u00cen acest fel se men\u0163in liniile de credit comercial \u00een pia\u0163\u0103 \u015fi firmele \u00ee\u015fi continuua activitatea.<\/p>\n

\nCompaniile de asigur\u0103ri, au \u015fi ele \u00een spate companii de reasigurare. \u00cen contextul crizei Covid, foarte probabil c\u0103 firmele de reasigurare vor cere celor trei asigur\u0103tori s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi reduc\u0103 riscul \u015fi s\u0103 nu mai asigure orice factur\u0103, iar ace\u015ftia vor sc\u0103dea num\u0103rul companiilor pe care le sus\u0163in. Daca aceast\u0103 expunere va sc\u0103dea, atunci \u015fi creditul comercial va sc\u0103dea, cre\u00e2nd blocaje \u00een economie.<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen urma consult\u0103rilor cu mediul de afaceri am primit la guvern foarte multe sesiz\u0103ri legate de \u00eent\u00e2rzieri la plat\u0103, pentru c\u0103 firmele nu mai \u00eencaseaz\u0103 la timp, sau legate de faptul c\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai multe firme nu mai dau marf\u0103 dec\u00e2t cu plata pe loc. Acest comportament al firmelor nu face dec\u00e2t s\u0103 blocheze circuitul economic iar sc\u0103derea volumului de asigur\u0103ri a creditului comercial va amplifica acest trend.<\/p>\n

\nC\u00e2nd discut\u0103m despre beneficiarii acestei scheme nu trebuie s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la cei trei asigur\u0103tori, care vor rezista oricum pe pia\u0163\u0103 (a\u015fa cum au f\u0103cut-o de peste 50 de ani, \u00een orice condi\u0163ii adverse), scazandu-\u015fi riscurile \u015fi asigur\u00e2nd mult mai pu\u0163ine companii daca statul nu le tine spatele ci la clien\u0163ii acestor companii. Ace\u015fti beneficiari sunt de fapt cele 3 000 de companii care \u00ee\u015fi asigura facturile \u015fi vreo 60 000 de companii care primesc credit comercial de la aceste companii. De fapt cam 80% din cifra de afaceri a tuturor companiilor din Romania \u015fi cea mai mare zon\u0103 productiv\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei. \u00cen acest fel, se sus\u0163in locurile de munc\u0103 \u015fi afacerile din Romania \u015fi se evit\u0103 blocajele.<\/p>\n

\nIronia face ca majoritatea statelor dezvoltate, precum Marea Britanie, Germania, Fran\u0163a, Belgia, Olanda, Danemarca, Norvegia, Canada, Israel, etc. Iar \u00een absolut toate \u0163\u0103rile, cei trei asigur\u0103tori au peste 90% din pia\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

\nV\u0103 pun astfel \u00eentrebarea: Ar trebui guvernul s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 creditul comercial juc\u00e2nd rolul de reasigurator \u015fi s\u0103 ajute companiile pentru a-\u015fi p\u0103stra creditul furnizor? Sau ar trebui s\u0103 cedeze unor presiuni populiste, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio logic\u0103 economic\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 accelereze blocajele din economie?<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nConf.Univ.Dr. T\u0103nase Stamule, Decan al FABIZ-ASE (Facultatea de Administrarea Afacerilor cu Predare \u00een Limbi Str\u0103ine). <\/p>\n

\nConsilier pe probleme economice al premierului Rom\u00e2niei<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A ap\u0103rut \u00een dezbaterea public\u0103 proiectul sus\u0163inut de guvern de sus\u0163inere a creditului comercial printr-o schema de reasigurare. A\u015f vrea s\u0103 explic mai \u00eent\u00e2i ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 acest lucru pentru cititorii acestui ziar. Creditul comercial este scutirea de plat\u0103 imediat\u0103 a facturii c\u0103tre furnizor. Adic\u0103, dac\u0103 e\u015fti brutar \u015fi cumperi f\u0103in\u0103, iar produc\u0103torul de f\u0103in\u0103 a\u015fteapt\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[7736,471,13719],"class_list":["post-183663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-credit","tag-europene","tag-sustinere"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=183663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183663\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=183663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=183663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=183663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}