\nPandemia de grip\u0103 spaniol\u0103 din 1918-1919 a omor\u00e2t aproximativ 50 de milioane de persoane. A \u00eenceput \u00een ianuarie \u015fi februarie \u00een SUA c\u00e2nd mai mul\u0163i oameni au murit manifest\u00e2nd simptome precum dureri de cap, dificult\u0103\u0163i respiratorii, tuse \u015fi febr\u0103. C\u00e2teva luni mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een luna mai, pacien\u0163ii din Fran\u0163a, Belgia \u015fi Germania au \u00eenceput s\u0103 prezinte simptome asem\u0103n\u0103toare, scrie Euronews.<\/p>\n
\nUna dintre cele mai devastatoare pandemii din istorie, a\u015fa-numita grip\u0103 spaniol\u0103 este un punct de referin\u0163\u0103 extrem de important pentru istoricii care caut\u0103 s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een perspectiv\u0103 situa\u0163ia actual\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nIstoria se repet\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n \n\u201eM\u0103 simt ca \u015fi cum a\u015f fi \u00eentr-o ma\u015fin\u0103 a timpului, tot ce am investigat devine realitate pe zi ce trece\u201d, au declarat istoricii spanioli Laura \u015fi Mar\u00eda Lara Mart\u00ednez. Surorile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 studieze gripa spaniol\u0103 cu doi ani \u00een urm\u0103, iar paralele dintre pandemia de ast\u0103zi \u015fi evenimentele din urm\u0103 cu un secol au fost evidente de la bun \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n \n\u00cen 1918, oamenii au spus c\u0103 este o \u201esimpl\u0103 r\u0103ceal\u0103\u201d, iar m\u0103surile impuse de starea de carantin\u0103 ne sunt familiare \u015fi ast\u0103zi, fiind \u00eenchise teatrele, \u015fcolile \u015fi grani\u0163ele.<\/p>\n \nSpa\u0163iile publice, inclusiv telefoanele, erau dezinfectate \u00een mod constant \u015fi oamenii din anumite zone ale Statelor Unite puteau primi amenzi de 100 de dolari pentru nepurtarea m\u0103\u015ftii. \u00cen 1918, oamenii au \u00een\u0163eles de la bun \u00eenceput c\u0103 mul\u0163imile pot amplifica transmiterea bolii.<\/p>\n \n\u201eMama tuturor pandemiilor\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \nAl doilea val de infec\u0163ii, mult mai mortal dec\u00e2t primul, a coincis \u00een Spania cu relaxarea restric\u0163iilor de circula\u0163ie. Astfel, iarna a fost martora unui num\u0103r tot mai mare de focare de infec\u0163ie.<\/p>\n \n\u201eSf\u00e2r\u015fitul pandemiei a depins de fiecare \u0163ar\u0103 \u00een parte: de informa\u0163ia \u015fi de preg\u0103tirea speciali\u015ftilor \u015fi de interesele clasei politice\u201d, spune istoricul Jaume Claret Miranda.<\/p>\n \nSpeciali\u015ftii sunt de acord asupra faptului c\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u015fitul pandemiei a avut loc \u00een 1920, c\u00e2nd societatea a reu\u015fit s\u0103 dezvolte a\u015fa-numita \u201eimunitate de turm\u0103\u201d, chiar dac\u0103 virusul nu a disp\u0103rut niciodat\u0103 \u00een totalitate.<\/p>\n \n\u201eAu fost g\u0103site urme ale aceluia\u015fi virus \u00een al\u0163i viru\u015fi gripali. Gripa spaniol\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 apar\u0103, s\u0103 sufere muta\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103 dob\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 materialul genetic al altor viru\u015fi\u201d, spune Dr. Benito Almirante, \u015feful unit\u0103\u0163ii de boli infec\u0163ioase din cadrul spitalului Vall d’Hebron din Barcelona.<\/p>\n \nDe exemplu, gripa din 2009 a avut elementele genetice ale unor viru\u015fi anteriori, a\u015fa c\u0103 oamenii mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 au fost mai bine proteja\u0163i dec\u00e2t cei tineri.<\/p>\n \nAcela\u015fi lucru s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u015fi cu gripa spaniol\u0103, cei trecu\u0163i de 30 de ani av\u00e2nd \u015fanse mai mari de supravie\u0163uire. Cel mai probabil, situa\u0163ia se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 genera\u0163ia de peste 30 de ani a trecut prin a\u015fa-numita grip\u0103 ruseasc\u0103 din 1889 \u015fi 1890.<\/p>\n \nC\u00e2nd se termin\u0103 o pandemie?<\/strong><\/p>\n \nO pandemie se sf\u00e2r\u015fe\u015fte atunci c\u00e2nd nu mai exist\u0103 transmitere incontrolabil\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul comunit\u0103\u0163ii, iar cazurile sunt la un nivel extrem de sc\u0103zut, spune Dr. Almirante.<\/p>\n \n\u201e\u00cen Europa, suntem aproape s\u0103 atingem aceast\u0103 treapt\u0103 deoarece cazurile sunt identificate u\u015for \u015fi pot fi monitorizate. Dac\u0103 situa\u0163ia actual\u0103 va continua, putem spune c\u0103 pandemia este \u0163inut\u0103 sub control.\u201d<\/p>\n \n\u00cen timpul gripei spaniole, nivelul fricii a variat \u00een func\u0163ie de gradul de informa\u0163ie disponibil \u015fi de starea de dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi a \u0163\u0103rilor afectate. De exemplu, spitalele de campanie din Anglia au r\u0103mas deschise mult timp dup\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului.<\/p>\n \nDar, \u00een final, \u201ecum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 adesea, c\u00e2nd efectul s-a diminuat, oamenii au \u00eencetat s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi mai fac\u0103 griji\u201d, spune Claret.<\/p>\n \nEuforia post-pandemie<\/strong><\/p>\n \n\u201eThe roaring 20s\u201d au venit imediat dup\u0103 gripa spaniol\u0103 \u015fi cea mai mare conflagra\u0163ie mondial\u0103 din istorie.<\/p>\n \n\u201ePopula\u0163ia care a supravie\u0163uit a intrat \u00eentr-o faz\u0103 de euforie, inclusiv din punct de vedere economic\u201d, spun surorile Lara Martinez.<\/p>\n \n\u00cens\u0103 \u00een faza de optimist post-grip\u0103, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 ia na\u015ftere regimurile totalitare pe aproape \u00eentreg teritoriul Europei.<\/p>\n \n\u201eMemoria oamenilor este scurt\u0103. Totu\u015fi, gripa spaniol\u0103 a l\u0103sat un anumit nivel de mo\u015ftenire \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul speciali\u015ftilor, acumul\u00e2nd cuno\u015ftin\u0163e extrem de importante \u00een tratarea viitoarelor epidemii\u201d, a declarat Claret.<\/p>\n \nPrincipala lec\u0163ie pe care ne-o pred\u0103 trecutul, spune Claret, este c\u0103 \u201eorice m\u0103sur\u0103\u201d care a fost descris\u0103 drept \u201eexagerat\u0103 se va dovedi ulterior insuficient\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pandemia de grip\u0103 spaniol\u0103 din 1918-1919 a omor\u00e2t aproximativ 50 de milioane de persoane. A \u00eenceput \u00een ianuarie \u015fi februarie \u00een SUA c\u00e2nd mai mul\u0163i oameni au murit manifest\u00e2nd simptome precum dureri de cap, dificult\u0103\u0163i respiratorii, tuse \u015fi febr\u0103. C\u00e2teva luni mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een luna mai, pacien\u0163ii din Fran\u0163a, Belgia \u015fi Germania au \u00eenceput s\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[25741,14021,242,14847,16677],"class_list":["post-183609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-dificultati","tag-gripa","tag-istorie","tag-pandemie","tag-simptome"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=183609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183609\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=183609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=183609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=183609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}