{"id":179157,"date":"2020-01-15T16:22:23","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T16:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=179157"},"modified":"2020-01-15T16:22:23","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T16:22:23","slug":"cristian-bichi-consilier-guvernator-cancelaria-bnr-pachetul-de-legi-anticamatarie-sucursalele-institutiilor-de-credit-straine-din-ue-au-ramas-pe-afara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=179157","title":{"rendered":"Cristian Bichi, consilier guvernator, Cancelaria BNR: Pachetul de legi antic\u0103m\u0103t\u0103rie-sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine din UE au r\u0103mas pe afar\u0103!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<span background-color:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">Un pachet de legi antic\u0103m\u0103t\u0103rie a fost transmis recent la Camera Deputa\u0163ilor pentru dezbatere. Trei dintre cele patru proiecte de lege din pachet p\u0103c\u0103tuiesc \u00eens\u0103 prin definirea defectuoas\u0103 a no\u0163iunii de creditor financiar, ceea ce duce la neincluderea \u00een sfera lor viitoare de aplicabilitate a sucursalelor institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine din Uniunea European\u0103 (UE) ce opereaz\u0103 pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. \u015ei uite a\u015fa, dintr-o gre\u015feal\u0103 ce relev\u0103 o slab\u0103 cunoa\u015ftere a legisla\u0163iei bancare europene \u015fi na\u0163ionale, se poate ajunge, \u00een absen\u0163a corec\u0163iilor, la discriminarea institu\u0163iilor de credit persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne, unele dintre ele cu capital majoritar rom\u00e2nesc, prin crearea de condi\u0163ii competitive inegale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<strong box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">O gre\u015feal\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nCele trei proiecte de lege, odat\u0103 adoptate, se vor aplica, dup\u0103 cum este stipulat \u00een textul lor, raporturilor juridice dintre consumatori \u015fi creditorii financiari. Potrivit defini\u0163iei oferite \u00een aceste proiecte, prin no\u0163iunea de creditor financiar se \u00een\u0163elege \u201co institu\u0163ie de credit&nbsp;<strong box-sizing:=\"\">autorizat\u0103<\/strong>&nbsp;de Banca Na\u0163ionala a Rom\u00e2niei, o institu\u0163ie financiar\u0103 nebancar\u0103 sau o entitate care desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea de recuperare crean\u0163e\u201d.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nUtilizarea sintagmei \u201cinstitu\u0163ie de credit autorizat\u0103 (n.n. \u2013 sublinierea ne apar\u0163ine) de Banca Na\u0163ionala a Rom\u00e2niei\u201d reprezint\u0103 cheia problemei. \u00cen conformitate cu legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103 \u00een vigoare, BNR autorizeaz\u0103 institu\u0163iile de credit persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne \u015fi sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit din \u0163\u0103ri non-UE (\u201c\u0163\u0103ri ter\u0163e\u201d). Sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine din \u0163\u0103ri ale UE, ce opereaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, sunt supuse doar unei proceduri de notificare. Prin urmare, aceste sucursale nu vor intra sub inciden\u0163a prevederilor normative preconizate. Pentru a fi mai clar acest ultim aspect, s\u0103 analiz\u0103m \u00een continuare cadrul juridic aplicabil pie\u0163ei unice bancare din Uniunea Europen\u0103 \u015fi legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103 din domeniul bancar.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<strong box-sizing:=\"\">Structuri folosite pentru activitatea bancar\u0103 transfrontalier\u0103 \u00een UE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n\u00cen conformitate cu legisla\u0163ia european\u0103, institu\u0163iile de credit dintr-un stat membru UE pot intra pe pia\u0163a bancar\u0103 din alt stat membru UE in urm\u0103toarele moduri:<\/p>\n<ul 1em=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\n\u00eenfiin\u0163area unei sucursale;<\/li>\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\n\u00eenfiin\u0163area unei filiale;<\/li>\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\nfurnizarea de servicii direct transfrontier\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<em box-sizing:=\"\">Filialele institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine<\/em>&nbsp;(denumite \u00een mod curent \u015fi subsidiare) sunt entit\u0103\u0163i juridice independente, \u00eenfiin\u0163ate conform cerin\u0163elor legale din \u0163\u0103rile gazd\u0103, care se afl\u0103 \u00een proprietatea societ\u0103\u0163ii mam\u0103 sau asupra c\u0103rora societatea mam\u0103 exercit\u0103 \u00een mod efectiv o influen\u0163\u0103 dominant\u0103.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<em box-sizing:=\"\">Sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine<\/em>&nbsp;reprezint\u0103 entit\u0103\u0163i opera\u0163ionale care sunt o parte integrant\u0103 din societatea mam\u0103. Ele nu au personalitate juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nStructurile juridice amintite mai sus determin\u0103 distribu\u0163ia responsabilit\u0103\u0163ilor de supraveghere \u00eentre autorit\u0103\u0163ile competente na\u0163ionale \u015fi accesul la fondurile na\u0163ionale de garantare a depozitelor bancare.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<strong box-sizing:=\"\">Pia\u0163a unic\u0103 bancar\u0103 european\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nLegisla\u0163ia primar\u0103 european\u0103 a permis crearea \u00eentre \u0163\u0103rile membre UE a unui spa\u0163iu economic f\u0103r\u0103 frontiere, bazat pe libera circula\u0163ie a persoanelor, bunurilor, serviciilor \u015fi capitalurilor. \u00cen domeniul bancar, \u00eenc\u0103 din 1992, a fost realizat\u0103 o pia\u0163\u0103 unic\u0103, bazat\u0103 pe urm\u0103toarele principii: recuno\u015fterea mutual\u0103 a autoriza\u0163iilor \u015fi a sistemelor de supraveghere, autoriza\u0163ia bancar\u0103 unic\u0103 \u015fi controlul \u0163\u0103rii de origine.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nPotrivit&nbsp;<em box-sizing:=\"\">sistemului recunoa\u015fterii mutuale<\/em>, statele membre UE ofer\u0103 asigurarea c\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163ile cuprinse, \u00een prezent, \u00een anexa nr. 1 a Directivei2013\/36\/UE pot fi efectuate pe teritoriul lor, fie prin stabilirea unei sucursale, fie prin prestarea de servicii, de c\u0103tre orice institu\u0163ie de credit autorizat\u0103 \u015fi supravegheat\u0103 de autorit\u0103\u0163ile competente dintr-un alt stat membru (\u0163ar\u0103 de origine), cu condi\u0163ia ca acestea s\u0103 fie incluse \u00een autoriza\u0163ie.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n\u00cen conformitate cu<em box-sizing:=\"\">&nbsp;principiul autoriza\u0163iei unice<\/em>&nbsp;(principiu denumit \u015fi \u201cpa\u015faport european\u201d) toate institu\u0163iile autorizate \u00eentr-un stat membru al UE pot s\u0103-\u015fi deschid\u0103 sucursale sau s\u0103 presteze servicii bancare transfrontier\u0103 \u00een celelalte state membre, far\u0103 a fi nevoie de alte autoriza\u0163ii din partea acestora din urm\u0103.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n\u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte principiul supravegherii \u0163\u0103rii de origine, acesta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u0163ile de supraveghere din \u0163\u0103rile de origine sunt \u00eemputernicite s\u0103-\u015fi supravegheze propriile lor institu\u0163ii de credit autohtone \u00een privin\u0163a opera\u0163iunilor efectuate \u00een alte state membre.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nPrin urmare, pentru a presta servicii bancare \u00een cadrul UE, o institu\u0163ie de credit din UE nu este obligat\u0103 s\u0103 cear\u0103 permisiunea autorit\u0103\u0163ii competente din \u0163ara gazd\u0103, fiind suficient s\u0103 de\u0163in\u0103 o autoriza\u0163ie emis\u0103 de propria sa \u0163ara (\u0163ara de origine). Principiul autoriza\u0163iei bancare unice se aplic\u0103 b\u0103ncilor din UE \u015fi filialelor stabilite pe cuprinsul UE de c\u0103tre b\u0103nci din \u0163\u0103ri non-UE. El nu se aplic\u0103 sucursalelor b\u0103ncilor din afara UE (din \u0163\u0103ri ter\u0163e).<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<strong box-sizing:=\"\">Prevederile legisla\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne privind regimul institu\u0163iilor de credit din alte state membre ale UE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n\u00cen textul Ordonan\u0163ei de Urgen\u0163\u0103 a Guvernului nr. 99\/2006 privind institu\u0163iile de credit \u015fi adecvarea capitalului, cu modific\u0103rile \u015fi complet\u0103rile ulterioare, se reg\u0103sesc urm\u0103toarele formul\u0103ri:<\/p>\n<ul 1em=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\n\u201cPentru infiin\u0163area unei sucursale de c\u0103tre o institu\u0163ie de credit dintr-un stat membru nu este necesar\u0103 ob\u0163inerea unei autoriza\u0163ii din partea B\u0103ncii Na\u0163ionale a Rom\u00e2niei \u2026\u201d (art. 46, alin. 1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul 1em=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\n\u201cO institu\u0163ie de credit autorizat\u0103 \u015fi supravegheat\u0103 \u00eentr-un alt stat membru poate \u00eenfiin\u0163a o sucursal\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia pe baza notific\u0103rii transmise B\u0103ncii Na\u0163ionale a Rom\u00e2niei de c\u0103tre autoritatea competent\u0103 din statul membru de origine\u2026\u201d ( articolul 48, alin. 1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul 1em=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<li 0.25em=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" line-height:=\"\" padding:=\"\">\n\u201cFurnizarea de servicii \u00een mod direct de c\u0103tre o institu\u0163ie de credit autorizat\u0103 \u015fi supravegheat\u0103 \u00eentr-un alt stat membru poate fi realizat\u0103 pe baza notific\u0103rii transmise B\u0103ncii Na\u0163ionale a Rom\u00e2niei de c\u0103tre autoritatea competent\u0103 din statul membru de origine, cuprinz\u00e2nd activit\u0103\u0163ile pe care institu\u0163iile de credit inten\u0163ioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 le desf\u0103\u015foare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.\u201d (art. 49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\n<strong box-sizing:=\"\">Cum a fost posibil\u0103 o asemenea eroare?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nAstfel, exist\u0103 indicii temeinice c\u0103 ne afl\u0103m \u00een fa\u0163a unei erori majore, cu repeti\u0163ie, a ini\u0163iatorului proiectelor legislative, \u00eentruc\u00e2t este greu de crezut c\u0103 acesta a dorit s\u0103 exclud\u0103 sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine din alte state membre UE din sfera de aplicabilitate a celor trei viitoare legi. O astfel de gre\u015feal\u0103, necorectat\u0103, ar avea ca efect aplicarea unui tratament mai favorabil sucursalelor institutiilor de credit str\u0103ine din UE, care vor putea opera f\u0103r\u0103 a se supune restric\u0163iilor impuse institu\u0163iilor de credit, persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne<a 0.2s=\"\" all=\"\" background-image:=\"\" background-position:=\"\" background-repeat:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" d:=\"\" desktop=\"\" ease=\"\" file:=\"\" outline:=\"\" text-decoration-line:=\"\" transition:=\"\">\u015fti<\/a>. S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 acest\u0103 ultim\u0103 categorie de entit\u0103\u0163i cuprinde pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 filialele din Rom\u00e2nia ale institutiilor de credit str\u0103ine \u015fi institu\u0163ii de credit autohtone cu capital majoritar rom\u00e2nesc. Tratamentul diferen\u0163iat aplicabil celor dou\u0103 categorii de institu\u0163ii de credit va genera o segmentare a pie\u0163ei bancare \u015fi va distorsiona condi\u0163iile de concuren\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nFa\u0163\u0103 de aceast\u0103 eroare monumental\u0103, ce putea fi prevenit\u0103 doar printr-o simpl\u0103 citire a OUG nr. 99\/2006, nu \u015ftiu dac\u0103 s\u0103 r\u00e2d sau s\u0103 pl\u00e2ng.&nbsp;Este \u00eens\u0103 clar c\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 corec\u0163ii legislative, limitele de dob\u00e2nd\u0103 dorite de ini\u0163iator nu au cum s\u0103 fie aplicate \u00een cazul persoanelor ce ob\u0163in \u00eemprumuturi de la sucursalele institu\u0163iilor de credit din alte state membre UE ce opereaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Nici proiectata protec\u0163ie a consumatorilor \u00eempotriva riscului valutar \u00een contractele de credit \u00eencheiate de ace\u015ftia cu sucursalele respective nu va fi posibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p 0px=\"\" background-color:=\"\" box-sizing:=\"\" color:=\"\" font-family:=\"\" font-size:=\"\" helvetica=\"\" line-height:=\"\" margin:=\"\" open=\"\" text-align:=\"\">\nEroarea este de natur\u0103 s\u0103 genereze \u00eendoieli puternice \u00een privin\u0163a a c\u00e2t de bine cunosc legisla\u0163ia bancar\u0103 european\u0103 \u015fi na\u0163ional\u0103 (\u015fi mecanismele pie\u0163ei bancare autohtone) persoanele care ofer\u0103 consultan\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 ini\u0163iatorului celor trei proiecte legislative. Pe acest fundal, \u201cse sp\u0103rie g\u00e2ndul\u201d, vorba cronicarului, de faptul c\u0103 reglement\u0103ri sensibile cu impact major asupra economiei na\u0163ionale sunt propuse f\u0103r\u0103 a exista studii de impact.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un pachet de legi antic\u0103m\u0103t\u0103rie a fost transmis recent la Camera Deputa\u0163ilor pentru dezbatere. Trei dintre cele patru proiecte de lege din pachet p\u0103c\u0103tuiesc \u00eens\u0103 prin definirea defectuoas\u0103 a no\u0163iunii de creditor financiar, ceea ce duce la neincluderea \u00een sfera lor viitoare de aplicabilitate a sucursalelor institu\u0163iilor de credit str\u0103ine din Uniunea European\u0103 (UE) ce opereaz\u0103 pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. \u015ei uite a\u015fa, dintr-o gre\u015feal\u0103 ce relev\u0103 o slab\u0103 cunoa\u015ftere a legisla\u0163iei bancare europene \u015fi na\u0163ionale, se poate ajunge, \u00een absen\u0163a corec\u0163iilor, la discriminarea institu\u0163iilor de credit persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne, unele dintre ele cu capital majoritar rom\u00e2nesc, prin crearea de condi\u0163ii competitive inegale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[7736,31847,76,528],"class_list":["post-179157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-credit","tag-institutie","tag-institutii","tag-uniunea-europeana"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=179157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179157\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=179157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=179157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=179157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}