{"id":179037,"date":"2020-01-11T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-11T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=179037"},"modified":"2020-01-11T11:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-11T11:00:00","slug":"marirea-si-decaderea-miliardarilor-est-europeni-cum-s-a-transformat-regiunea-in-ultimii-zeci-de-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=179037","title":{"rendered":"M\u0103rirea \u015fi dec\u0103derea miliardarilor est-europeni. Cum s-a transformat regiunea \u00een ultimii zeci de an"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u00cen urm\u0103 cu o genera\u0163ie, miliardarii nu existau \u00een Europa de Est. \u00centre timp, unii dintre ei au reu\u015fit s\u0103 creeze \u015fi s\u0103 piard\u0103 deja averi.<\/p>\n<p>\nMiliardarii ap\u0103ru\u0163i din ruinele comunismului au \u015ftiut s\u0103 exploateze haosul de la \u00eenceputul anilor &#8217;90 \u015fi s\u0103 adune capital \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care mul\u0163i de-abia \u00een\u0163elegeau ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 o pia\u0163\u0103 liber\u0103, scriu cei de la Bloomberg.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen 1989 devenise clar c\u0103 lucrurile se vor schimba \u015fi comunismul nu mai poate continua s\u0103 fie ideologia majoritar\u0103 \u00een zona est-european\u0103. Rom\u00e2nii s-au revoltat exact acum 30 de ani \u015fi \u015fi-au exectutat dictatorul, \u00een vreme ce dizidentul Vaclav Havel devenea pre\u015fedintele Cehoslovaciei. \u00cen ultimele zile ale anului, pre\u015fedintele Poloniei semna un nou program economic care avea s\u0103 deschid\u0103 por\u0163ile c\u0103tre capitalism. Aveau s\u0103 mai treac\u0103 doi ani p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd imperiul Uniunii Sovietice s-a pr\u0103bu\u015fit.<\/p>\n<p>\nPrintre miliardarii de dup\u0103 &#8217;90 se num\u0103r\u0103 cehul Petr Kellner, cel care a avut ideea de a vinde bonuri valorice la \u00eenceputul acelei perioade, devenind ulterior ac\u0163ionar majoritar al celei mai mari companii locale de asigur\u0103ri. Kellner a ie\u015fit din afaceri \u00een 2013, iar cei de la Bloomberg estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 are o avere de aproximativ 12,8 miliarde de dolari.<\/p>\n<p>\nUn alt exemplu e Vladimir Potanin, unul dintre primii oligarhi ru\u015fi \u015fi cel care este ast\u0103zi cel mai bogat om din Rusia. Potanin lucra \u00een export atunci c\u00e2nd URSS-ul s-a pr\u0103bu\u015fit, iar asta i-a asigurat startul ideal \u00een afaceri. El a construit repede primul imperiu bancar din Rusia, prelu\u00e2nd ulterior un pachet majoritar de ac\u0163iuni la Norilsk Nickel, principala unitat de rafinare a nichelului, pentru 170 de milioane de dolari; ast\u0103zi, valoarea companiei a dep\u0103\u015fit 40 de miliarde de dolari. Averea sa, inclusiv veniturile generate de alte afaceri, este de aproximativ 28,5 miliarde dolari.<\/p>\n<p>\nPe list\u0103 intr\u0103 \u015fi cel mai bogat om din Polonia, Zygmunt Solorz, despre care exist\u0103 o sumedenie de pove\u015fti. Una dintre acestea, neconfirmat\u0103, spune c\u0103 Solorz a f\u0103cut primii bani v\u00e2nz\u00e2nd lum\u00e2n\u0103ri \u00een cimitir. Afacerile sale sunt mult mai clare dup\u0103 anii &#8217;90: el a creat un imperiu plec\u00e2nd cu o televiziune privat\u0103, iar acum de\u0163ine platforme digitale, b\u0103nci \u015fi al doilea cel mai mare operator de telefonie mobil\u0103 \u015fi Polonia. Bloomberg estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 Solorz are o avere de 2,7 miliarde de dolari.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen urm\u0103 cu o genera\u0163ie, miliardarii nu existau \u00een Europa de Est. \u00centre timp, unii dintre ei au reu\u015fit s\u0103 creeze \u015fi s\u0103 piard\u0103 deja averi. Miliardarii ap\u0103ru\u0163i din ruinele comunismului au \u015ftiut s\u0103 exploateze haosul de la \u00eenceputul anilor &#8217;90 \u015fi s\u0103 adune capital \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care mul\u0163i de-abia \u00een\u0163elegeau ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[15930,5817,19294],"class_list":["post-179037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-marire","tag-miliardari","tag-regiune"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=179037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179037\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=179037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=179037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=179037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}