{"id":166840,"date":"2018-12-07T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-07T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=166840"},"modified":"2018-12-07T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-12-07T09:00:00","slug":"povestea-celor-doi-cehi-care-au-creat-una-dintre-cele-mai-profitabile-companii-din-industria-auto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=166840","title":{"rendered":"Povestea celor doi cehi care au creat una dintre cele mai profitabile companii din industria auto"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\nV\u00e1clav Laurin s-a n\u0103scut pe 27 septembrie 1865 \u00eentr-un sat din apropierea localit\u0103\u0163ii Turnov, din Cehia. Provenit dintr-o familie modest\u0103, Laurin \u015fi-a demonstrat aptitudinile me\u015fte\u015fug\u0103re\u015fti de la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103. P\u0103rin\u0163ii lui i-au permis s\u0103 fac\u0103 ucenicie ca mecanic \u015fi, dup\u0103 ce a urmat preg\u0103tirea profesional\u0103, \u015fi-a continuat educa\u0163ia. \u00cen 1893 a plecat la Dresda, unde a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at modul de func\u0163ionare a motoarelor cu aburi, apoi s-a \u00eentors la Turnov \u015fi a \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucreze \u00een produc\u0163ia de biciclete cu Josef Kraus. C\u00e2nd s-a \u00eencheiat parteneriatul cu acesta, Laurin s-a stabilit \u00een Mlada Boleslav, unde avea s\u0103 \u00eel cunoasc\u0103 pe V\u00e1clav Klement, partenerul s\u0103u de business.<\/p>\n<p>\nV\u00e1clav Klement s-a n\u0103scut pe 16 octombrie 1868 \u00een Velvary, Cehia. Antreprenorul a avut o copil\u0103rie grea \u2013 la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103, mama sa a murit, iar tat\u0103l s\u0103u s-a rec\u0103s\u0103torit, el fiind crescut de mama vitreg\u0103. La 14 ani Klement a \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi ia diverse joburi \u00een paralel cu \u015fcoala, \u00eens\u0103 a r\u0103mas un elev silitor. Dup\u0103 terminarea studiilor a lucrat ca librar \u00een ora\u015fele Slan\u00fd \u015fi Praga, apoi s-a mutat \u00een Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav, unde s-a angajat, de asemenea, la o libr\u0103rie. C\u00e2nd proprietarul acesteia a murit, Klement a cump\u0103rat libr\u0103ria. Totu\u015fi, businessul nu a prosperat, a\u015fa c\u0103 el a fost nevoit s\u0103 o v\u00e2nd\u0103 pentru a-\u015fi pl\u0103ti datoriile.<\/p>\n<p>\nIstoria fond\u0103rii companiei Laurin &#038; Klement Company, devenit\u0103 ulterior \u0160koda Auto, a \u00eenceput \u00een ziua \u00een care Klement a cump\u0103rat o biciclet\u0103 fabricat\u0103 de compania nem\u0163easc\u0103 Seidel &#038; Naumann. C\u00e2nd a descoperit o problem\u0103 la aceasta, antreprenorul le-a trimis o scrisoare \u00een limba ceh\u0103 reprezentan\u0163ilor companiei, cer\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie reparat\u0103. Ace\u015ftia i-au r\u0103spuns c\u0103 ar fi dat curs solicit\u0103rii sale doar dac\u0103 ar fi primit cererea \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 \u201einteligibil\u0103\u201c. Indignat de r\u0103spunsul lor, Klement a decis s\u0103 repare bicicleta cu ajutorul lui V\u00e1clav Laurin, pe care \u00eel cunoscuse \u00een Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav, unde locuiau.<br \/>\nPasiona\u0163i de ciclism, cei doi au decis s\u0103 deschid\u0103 propria fabric\u0103 de biciclete, pe care au fondat-o pe 18 decembrie 1895. Bicicletele purtau semn\u0103tura designului lor \u015fi se numeau Slavia. Compania a avut succes \u015fi antreprenorii au ajuns rapid de la 12 angaja\u0163i la 40. \u00cen 1899 au decis s\u0103 produc\u0103 motociclete, care au fost primite bine nu doar de clien\u0163ii din Cehia, ci \u015fi de peste grani\u0163e.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen 1902, motocicletele Laurin &#038; Klement Co. au fost conduse \u00een celebra curs\u0103 de 1.430 de kilometri dintre Paris \u015fi Viena, fiind singura marc\u0103 care nu a suferit defec\u0163iuni pe durata drumului, timp de 31 de ore. Motocicletele au avut at\u00e2t de mult succes \u00eenc\u00e2t cei doi fondatori au decis s\u0103 stopeze produc\u0163ia de biciclete \u015fi s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi canalizeze eforturile doar produc\u0163ia acestora. \u00cen 1903 compania avea deja 200 de angaja\u0163i \u015fi producea circa 2.000 de motociclete anual. Doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu, compania a \u00eenceput produc\u0163ia de ma\u015fini iar \u00een 1907 s-a listat la burs\u0103; produc\u0163ia de motociclete a fost oprit\u0103.<br \/>\nPe 27 iunie 1925, Laurin &#038; Klement Company s-a al\u0103turat Pilsner \u0160koda Concern \u015fi numele fabricii a fost schimbat \u00een Laurin &#038; Klement \u2013 \u0160koda, mai t\u00e2rziu p\u0103str\u00e2nd doar numele de \u0160koda. Laurin a fost numit \u00een func\u0163ia de director tehnic, pe care a p\u0103strat-o p\u00e2n\u0103 la moartea sa,&nbsp;pe 13 august 1930. V\u00e1clav Klement a murit opt ani mai t\u00e2rziu, pe 10 august 1938. \u00cen 1946, compania a fost na\u0163ionalizat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een 1991 a \u00eenceput procesul de privatizare, aceasta devenind subsidiar\u0103 a grupului Volkswagen.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen 2017, \u0160koda a produs peste 1,2 milioane de unit\u0103\u0163i, v\u00e2ndute \u00een circa 100 de \u0163\u0103ri, av\u00e2nd venituri de peste 16,5 miliarde de euro \u015fi un num\u0103r de aproximativ 33.000 de angaja\u0163i. Tot anul trecut, marja de profit a \u0160koda a fost a doua din cadrul grupului Volkswagen (1,6 miliarde de euro profit), dup\u0103 cea a Porsche.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen urm\u0103 cu peste un secol, antreprenorii V\u00e1clav Laurin \u015fi V\u00e1clav Klement au \u00eenfiin\u0163at, \u00een Cehia, compania \u0160koda Auto, unul dintre cele mai vechi branduri auto din lume, cu venituri anuale de peste 16 miliarde de dolari \u015fi un num\u0103r de peste 33.000 de angaja\u0163i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[192,255,6577,16759,7386,235,7284,272,14111,9108,274,18324,161,17268,26214,259,80,8165,6909],"class_list":["post-166840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-angajati","tag-antreprenori","tag-auto","tag-biciclete","tag-branduri","tag-business","tag-cehia","tag-companie","tag-deces","tag-decizie","tag-incepere","tag-infiintare","tag-miliarde","tag-motociclete","tag-nastere","tag-productie","tag-refuz","tag-skoda","tag-venituri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=166840"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166840\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=166840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=166840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=166840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}