\nMaria Montessori s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1870, fiind prima femeie din Italia care a studiat medicin\u0103. S-a ocupat de copii mici ca medic asistent \u015fi a dezvoltat o metod\u0103 pedagogic\u0103 faimoas\u0103 cu rezultate remarcabile \u00een educarea sim\u0163urilor \u015fi mai apoi a \u00een\u0163elegerii; conceptul avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 cunoscut drept metoda Montessori. \u00cen prezent, aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 este folosit\u0103 \u00een mii de \u015fcoli \u015fi gr\u0103dini\u0163e din \u00eentreag\u0103 lume, cu absolven\u0163i renumi\u0163i precum Larry Page \u015fi Sergey Brin \u2013 fondatori Google, Jeff Bezos \u2013 fondator Amazon.com, prin\u0163ul William \u015fi prin\u0163ul Harry, Gabriel Garcia Marquez \u015fi mul\u0163i al\u0163ii.<\/p>\n
\nPe baza principiilor Montessori, educatorii au rolul s\u0103 observe \u015fi s\u0103 ghideze copii, s\u0103 le arate \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eendrume spre propriile alegeri, s\u0103-i sprijine \u00een a se autodisciplina, a-\u015fi descoperi gre\u015felile, s\u0103 \u00eei implice \u00een solu\u0163ionarea problemelor \u015fi s\u0103 participe la elaborarea proiectelor. Recompensele externe sunt evitate, pun\u00e2ndu-se accent pe cele interne (gen mul\u0163umirea de sine).<\/p>\n
\nAv\u00e2nd o experien\u0163\u0103 direct\u0103 cu metodele pedagogice de predare Montessori, mi-am pus \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 am putea aplica acelea\u015fi principii cu rezultate excep\u0163ionale la cei mici (dezvoltarea independen\u0163ei, responsabilit\u0103\u0163ii, libert\u0103\u0163ii de a alege) \u015fi \u00een mediul de business. Adic\u0103 un fel de Montessori Organiza\u0163ional unde educatorii \u201edevin\u201d Manageri Montessori (observ\u0103 comportamentele angaja\u0163ilor, analizeaz\u0103 mesaje nonverbale, ini\u0163iaz\u0103 \u015fi dezvolt\u0103 \u201espa\u0163iu\u201d pentru Curiozitate, Extrovertire, Creativitate, Optimism, Entuziasm, transform\u0103 factorii externi \u00een stimulente interne pentru a crea un mediu organiza\u0163ional de tip sangvinic, autonom \u015fi responsabil, motivant \u015fi performant).<\/p>\n
\nCu ce caracteristici sau abilit\u0103\u0163i trebuie s\u0103 fie dotat un manager pentru a fi Montessori?<\/p>\n
\n\u00centr-un articol celebru din Harvard Business Review \u2013 \u201eHow Do Innovators Think\u201d -, pe baza unui survey cu peste 3.000 executivi, s-au descoperit cinci abilit\u0103\u0163i care \u00eei deosebesc: \u201easocierea\u201d (\u00eentre idei), \u201e\u00eentreb\u0103rile\u201d, \u201eobservarea\u201d (\u00een special legat de comportamentul oamenilor), \u201erela\u0163ionarea\u201d (networking) \u015fi \u201eexplorarea\u201d. Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 una suprem\u0103, comun\u0103 tuturor? Da, spun autorii, se nume\u015fte \u201einquisitiveness\u201d, adic\u0103 Curiozitate. Dar tocmai Curiozitatea este, pentru cei mici, \u015fi o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 de baza \u00een educa\u0163ia Montessori, ce permite dezvoltarea tr\u0103s\u0103turilor de personalitate care \u00eei transform\u0103 \u00een faimo\u015fi inovatori \u015fi creatori. Iat\u0103 doar un exemplu cum o caracteristic\u0103 de baza a metodei pedagogice Montessori este una de baz\u0103 \u015fi la executivi, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 va produce acelea\u015fi efecte, de unde rezult\u0103 c\u0103 metoda Montessori poate fi implementat\u0103 cu succes \u015fi ca metod\u0103 \u015fi tehnic\u0103 de management.<\/p>\n
\nPe l\u00e2ng\u0103 abilitatea de baz\u0103, de a fi Curios, Managerul Montessori este un Ghid, un \u00cendrum\u0103tor, un C\u0103l\u0103uzitor, intervine foarte rar \u00een mod direct \u00een taskurile angaja\u0163ilor. Este Observator, Noninterven\u0163ionist \u015fi Evaluator. Impactul lui direct, la nivel micro, \u00een activit\u0103\u0163i este foarte sc\u0103zut, l\u0103s\u00e2nd gradului de observare de tip \u201ehelicopter view\u201d un liber arbitru nedeterminat. Managerul Montessori nu acord\u0103 nici pedepse, dar nici recompense externe. El consider\u0103 c\u0103 singura recompens\u0103 de care un angajat are nevoie provine din mul\u0163umirea de sine, din faptul c\u0103 a realizat corect \u015fi bine un task, baz\u00e2ndu-se pe propriile puteri. Managerul Montessori nu corecteaz\u0103 un angajat atunci c\u00e2nd gre\u015fe\u015fte, ci reia taskul respectiv p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se identific\u0103 sursa erorii. Managerul Montessori creeaz\u0103 \u015fi define\u015fte mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor pentru a stimula \u015fi a dezvolta spiritul de ini\u0163iativ\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nRoger Harrison a identificat patru tipuri de cultur\u0103 \u00een cadrul organiza\u0163iilor: cultur\u0103 de tip Putere ( \u00een form\u0103 de re\u0163ea concentric\u0103, control exercitat de un num\u0103r restr\u00e2ns de oameni, atmosfera dura, moral sc\u0103zut), cultur\u0103 de tip Rol (\u00een form\u0103 de templu, grad \u00eenalt de formalizare, standardizare, predictibilitate), cultur\u0103 de tip Sarcina (\u00een form\u0103 de re\u0163ea rectangular\u0103, pune accent pe \u00eendeplinirea taskurilor) \u015fi cultur\u0103 de tip Persoan\u0103 (\u00een form\u0103 de roi, unde individul reprezint\u0103 punctul central). F\u0103r\u0103 a for\u0163a, putem s\u0103 introducem \u015fi tipul cu num\u0103rul cinci \u2013 cultur\u0103 de tip Montessori, pe care o v\u0103d \u00een form\u0103 abstract\u0103 de sferoid, unde managerul are o permanent\u0103 mi\u015fcare de rota\u0163ie, observ\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163ile f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 intervin\u0103, iar atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 riscul c\u0103 un task s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u201esfera\u201d, \u00eel semnalizeaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00eel \u00eenapoiaz\u0103 pentru a fi reluat.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cenchei cu un citat din Maria Montessori, perfect valid \u015fi aplicabil \u015fi la \u201ecopiii mai mari\u201d din organiza\u0163ii: \u201e\u00cen loc s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103-l cucerim din interior \u015fi s\u0103-l direc\u0163ion\u0103m ca pe un suflet uman, \u00eentotdeauna ne-am dorit s\u0103 domin\u0103m copilul prin for\u0163\u0103, prin impunerea unor legi externe. \u00cen acest mod, copiii au tr\u0103it pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 noi f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 ajungem s\u0103 fim capabili de a-i \u00een\u0163elege vreodat\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 d\u0103m la o parte toat\u0103 artificialitatea cu care i-am \u00eenv\u0103luit \u015fi toat\u0103 violen\u0163a cu care, proste\u015fte, am \u00eencercat s\u0103-i disciplin\u0103m, ei ni se vor arat\u0103 nou\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 frumuse\u0163ea firii lor copil\u0103re\u015fti, cu o gentile\u0163e \u015fi dr\u0103g\u0103l\u0103\u015fenie absolut\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sunt modele \u015fi sisteme de formare, de educa\u0163ie, de lucru care dep\u0103\u015fesc limita
\nv\u00e2rstei. Astfel, metoda MontesSori, consacrat\u0103 \u00een educa\u0163ia copiilor, are principii aplicabile \u015fi \u00een management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[529],"tags":[255,4126,8521,8298,161,372,98,222,10210,6909],"class_list":["post-152585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinii","tag-antreprenori","tag-clienti","tag-logistica","tag-marfuri","tag-miliarde","tag-performanta","tag-romania","tag-strategie","tag-succes","tag-venituri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=152585"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152585\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=152585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=152585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=152585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}