\n\u00cen insulele M\u0103rii Andaman \u015fi pe coasta de vest a Thailandei tr\u0103iesc mici triburi numite Moken, cunoscu\u0163i \u015fi ca nomazii de mare. Copiii lor petrec cea mai mare parte a zilelor \u00een ap\u0103, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd hran\u0103. Tocmai de aceea au c\u0103p\u0103tat o abilitate original\u0103 – pot vedea foarte bine sub ap\u0103.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen 1999, Anna Gislen de la Universitatea din Lund, Suedia, investiga diferite aspecte ale vederii, c\u00e2nd un coleg i-a sugerat s\u0103 studieze caracteristicile celor din tribul Moken. \u201ePetrecusem trei luni \u00eentr-un laborator \u00eentunecat, a\u015fa c\u0103 m-am g\u00e2ndit <<de ce s\u0103 nu merg mai bine \u00een Asia>>\u201d, a declarat ea. A\u015fadar, Gislen \u00eempreuna cu feti\u0163a sa de \u015fase ani au plecat spre Tailanda, unde s-au integrat \u00een comunit\u0103\u0163ile Moken pe care le-a studiat. <\/p>\n
\nLa prima apari\u0163ie a fluxului, copii s-au aruncat \u00een ap\u0103 \u015fi au \u00eenceput s\u0103 v\u00e2neze hran\u0103, cu ochii larg deschi\u015fi, spune cercet\u0103toarea. Uimit\u0103, Gislen s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 fac\u0103 un experiment pentru a determina c\u00e2t de clar pot vedea ace\u015fti copii subap\u0103, lucru pe care l-au acceptat ca pe o joac\u0103. Copiii trebuiau s\u0103 intre sub ap\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi a\u015feze capetele pe un panou. De acolo puteau vedea un card pe care erau trasate ni\u015fte linii, fie verticale sau orizontale. Odat\u0103 ce au privit cardul, se \u00eentorceau la suprafa\u0163\u0103 pentru a raporta ce direc\u0163ie aveau liniile. S-a dovedit c\u0103 ace\u015fti copiii moken au putut vedea de dou\u0103 ori mai bine dec\u00e2t copiii europeni, care au efectuat acela\u015fi experiment la o dat\u0103 ulterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nExist\u0103 dou\u0103 modalit\u0103\u0163i prin care se poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163i viziunea sub ap\u0103: \u00ee\u0163i po\u0163i schimba forma cristalinului, care se nume\u015fte adaptare, sau \u00ee\u0163i po\u0163i face pupila mai mic\u0103, cresc\u00e2nd astfel ad\u00e2ncimea c\u00e2mpului. \u201e\u00cen mod normal, atunci c\u00e2nd e\u015fti sub ap\u0103, totul este at\u00e2t de neclar \u00eenc\u00e2t ochiul nu \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 se acomodeze, fiindc\u0103 nu este un reflex normal\u201d, a declarat Gislen. \u201eDar copiii moken sunt capabili s\u0103 fac\u0103 ambele lucruri- pot s\u0103-\u015fi fac\u0103 pupilele mai mici \u015fi pot s\u0103-\u015fi schimbe forma cristalinului. Focile \u015fi delfinii se adapteaz\u0103 similar\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat ea.<\/p>\n
\nGilsen a avut ocazia s\u0103 testeze \u015fi c\u00e2\u0163iva adul\u0163i \u00een acela\u015fi mod, iar ace\u015ftia nu au demonstrat nicio abilitate deosebit\u0103 sub ap\u0103 \u2013 lucru care explic\u0103 de ce adul\u0163ii din trib prind cea mai mare parte a hranei pescuind cu suli\u0163a la suprafa\u0163a apei. \u201eOdat\u0103 cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, lentilele noastre devin mai pu\u0163in flexibile, deci este de \u00een\u0163eles de ce adul\u0163ii \u00ee\u015fi pierd capacitatea de adaptare a vederii sub ap\u0103\u201d, spune Gislen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cen insulele M\u0103rii Andaman \u015fi pe coasta de vest a Thailandei tr\u0103iesc mici triburi numite Moken, cunoscu\u0163i \u015fi ca nomazii de mare. Copiii lor petrec cea mai mare parte a zilelor \u00een ap\u0103, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd hran\u0103. Tocmai de aceea au c\u0103p\u0103tat o abilitate original\u0103 – pot vedea foarte bine sub ap\u0103. \u00cen 1999, Anna Gislen de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[12704,34554,5593,553,246,23185,18254,6266,8864],"class_list":["post-135827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-adaptare","tag-adulti","tag-apa","tag-copii","tag-crestere","tag-delfini","tag-hrana","tag-oameni","tag-stiinta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=135827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135827\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=135827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=135827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=135827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}