{"id":134448,"date":"2016-06-18T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-18T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=134448"},"modified":"2016-06-18T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-18T09:00:00","slug":"teoria-ghionturilor-in-politicile-guvernamentale-si-in-servicii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=134448","title":{"rendered":"Teoria ghionturilor \u00een politicile guvernamentale \u015fi \u00een servicii"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nIat\u0103 o carte care face parte din ceea ce a\u015f numi volume recuperate, asta pentru c\u0103 \u201eNudge\u201c a ap\u0103rut \u00een urm\u0103 cu opt ani, gener\u00e2nd \u2013 este adev\u0103rat, nu singur\u0103 \u2013 chiar o teorie a ghionturilor, valabil\u0103 \u00een stiin\u0163ele comportamentale, \u00een politic\u0103 \u015fi \u00een economie. Principalul driver al teoriei a fost British Behaviourial Insights Team, sau Nudge Unit, organiza\u0163ie care a avut misiunea de a aplica teoria ghionturilor \u00een politicile guvernamentale \u015fi \u00een servicii, dar \u015fi s\u0103 reduc\u0103 cheltuielile bugetare din Marea Britanie. \u201eNudge\u201c a generat \u015fi un blog, activ \u00eentre 2008 \u015fi 2011, \u015fi, cel mai important, a pus um\u0103rul la apari\u0163ia economiei comportamentale.<\/p>\n

\nCartea este scris\u0103 de Richard Thaler, economist \u015fi profesor de \u015ftiin\u0163e comportamentale \u00een Chicago, \u015fi de Cass Sunstein, profesor de jurispruden\u0163\u0103 la Universitatea din Chicago (ultimul a f\u0103cut parte \u015fi din cabinetul pre\u015fedintelui Obama). Singura recomandare pe care o pot face este s\u0103 citi\u0163i cartea, chiar dac\u0103 \u00eentre data scrierii \u015fi cea a apari\u0163iei \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 lumea a primit c\u00e2teva ghionturi serioase din partea crizei economice (care, de altfel, sunt analizate \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00een carte, cel pu\u0163in criza imobiliar\u0103 din 2007 \u2013 2008). \u00cen esen\u0163\u0103, \u201eNudge\u201c d\u0103r\u00e2m\u0103 mitul lui homo economicus, care ia mereu cele mai bune decizii; homo sapiens, insul obi\u015fnuit, comite erori pentru c\u0103 face tot felul de asocieri \u015fi este influen\u0163at \u015fi de contextul social. Sau, altfel spus, oamenii sunt neinforma\u0163i, lipsi\u0163i de voin\u0163\u0103, inconsisten\u0163i \u015fi lene\u015fi, incapabili s\u0103 reziste \u00een fa\u0163a tenta\u0163iilor de ast\u0103zi chiar dac\u0103 m\u00e2ine ar fi recompensa\u0163i. \u015ei reac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cumva aiurea: exemplul clasic, folosit \u00een \u201eNudge\u201c, este cel al mu\u015ftelor pictate \u00een centrul pisoarelor aflate \u00een aeroportul din Amsterdam, care au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it considerabil precizia utilizatorilor, dar \u015fi condi\u0163iile de igien\u0103.<\/p>\n

\n\"\"<\/p>\n

\nO istorioar\u0103 care poate p\u0103rea u\u015for trivial\u0103, dar care p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u015fi ilustreaz\u0103 c\u00e2t se poate de bine modul \u00een care trebuie administrate ghionturile: p\u0103str\u00e2nd libertatea alegerii, dar intervenind destul de ferm \u00een actul alegerii, o form\u0103 de paternalism soft \u015fi destul de neintruziv. \u201eL\u0103comia \u015fi corup\u0163ia au contribuit la declan\u015farea crizei, dar simpla sl\u0103biciune a naturii umane a jucat \u015fi ea un rol esen\u0163ial. Nu vom putea s\u0103 ne ap\u0103r\u0103m de crize viitoare dac\u0103 spumeg\u0103m \u00eempotriva l\u0103comiei, a corup\u0163iei \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103delegii, f\u0103r\u0103a  ne uita \u00een oglind\u0103 \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 a \u00een\u0163elege efectele pten\u0163ial devastatoare ale ra\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii limitate, ale problemelor de autocontrol \u015fi ale influen\u0163elor sociale\u201c, ne avertizeaz\u0103 Thaler \u015fi Sunstein, oamenii care vor s\u0103 ne aduc\u0103 aminte c\u0103 suntem oameni \u015fi ne \u00eenva\u0163\u0103 s\u0103 tr\u0103im \u015fi s\u0103 accept\u0103m asta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Iat\u0103 o carte care face parte din ceea ce a\u015f numi volume recuperate, asta pentru c\u0103 \u201eNudge\u201c a ap\u0103rut \u00een urm\u0103 cu opt ani, gener\u00e2nd \u2013 este adev\u0103rat, nu singur\u0103 \u2013 chiar o teorie a ghionturilor, valabil\u0103 \u00een stiin\u0163ele comportamentale, \u00een politic\u0103 \u015fi \u00een economie. Principalul driver al teoriei a fost British Behaviourial Insights Team, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7194],"tags":[16061,15374,7193,19695,7271,182,188,6266,31985,220,15],"class_list":["post-134448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-carte","tag-alegere","tag-aparitie","tag-carte","tag-chicago","tag-coruptie","tag-criza","tag-economie","tag-oameni","tag-pastrare","tag-politica","tag-servicii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=134448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134448\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=134448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=134448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=134448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}