{"id":130334,"date":"2015-12-28T09:09:21","date_gmt":"2015-12-28T09:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=130334"},"modified":"2015-12-28T09:09:21","modified_gmt":"2015-12-28T09:09:21","slug":"china-adopta-politica-un-cuplu-doi-copii-in-locul-politicii-copilului-unic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=130334","title":{"rendered":"China adopt\u0103 politica &#8220;un cuplu, doi copii&#8221; \u00een locul politicii copilului unic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n&#8220;Statul sus\u0163ine ideea ca unui cuplu s\u0103 i se permit\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 doi copii&#8221;, se arat\u0103 \u00een noua lege privind popula\u0163ia \u015fi planificarea familial\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 prevedere pune cap\u0103t controversatei politici a copilului unic, relaxat\u0103 \u00een ultima perioad\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;\u00cen vederea promov\u0103rii unei cre\u015fteri echilibrate a popula\u0163iei, China va continua s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 politica na\u0163ional\u0103 de baz\u0103 cu privire la controlul popula\u0163iei \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163easc\u0103 strategia privind dezvoltarea popula\u0163iei&#8221;, anun\u0163a Partidul Comunist Chinez (PCC) \u00een octombrie, c\u00e2nd au ap\u0103rut primele informa\u0163ii despre modificarea legii.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;China va implementa deplin politica \u00abun cuplu, doi copii\u00bb, \u00eentr-un r\u0103spuns proactiv la problema \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii popula\u0163iei&#8221;, sublinia partidul unic.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Potrivit lui Lu Jiehua, un sociolog de la Universitatea Beijing, aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 vizeaz\u0103 100 de milioane de cupluri.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nChina, care are \u00een prezent o popula\u0163ie de peste 1,3 miliarde de persoane, a instituit a\u015fa-numita politic\u0103 a copilului unic, \u00eentr-o \u00eencercare de controlare a cre\u015fterii popula\u0163iei, \u00een anii &#8217;70.<\/p>\n<p>\nAtunci c\u00e2nd propaganda nu a dat rezultate, oficiali locali au recurs la avorturi, amenzi ustur\u0103toare \u015fi sterilizare for\u0163at\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\nDecizia de a pune cap\u0103t restric\u0163iilor a fost luat\u0103 \u00een urma unei reuniuni de patru zile a unor oficiali de rang \u00eenalt din cadrul PCC, la un hotel din Beijing, potrivit lui David McKenzie, un fost corespondent CNN \u00een China.<\/p>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 modificare a fost prefigurat\u0103 de o schimbare la nivelul propagandei, potrivit corespondentului, care precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een vechile reclame ap\u0103reau p\u0103rin\u0163i cu un copil, \u00eens\u0103 \u00eentr-o reclam\u0103 recent\u0103 apare un b\u0103iat care \u00eemparte nu prea \u00eenc\u00e2ntat o juc\u0103rie cu sora sa mai mic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8211; Insuficient<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Amnesty International avertizeaz\u0103, \u00eentr-un comunicat, c\u0103 aceast\u0103 schimbare de politic\u0103 este &#8220;insuficient\u0103&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;Cuplurile cu doi copii pot fi supuse \u00een continuare unor forme coercitive \u015fi intruzive de contracep\u0163ie \u015fi chiar unor avorturi for\u0163ate &#8211; asimilabile torturii&#8221;, a declarat cercet\u0103torul chinez William Nee.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;Statul nu are nicio treab\u0103 s\u0103 reglementeze c\u00e2\u0163i copii au oamenii&#8221;, a subliniat el.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>China a \u00eenceput o relaxare a controversatei sale politici a copilului unic \u00een ianuarie 2014, permi\u0163\u00e2nd cuplurilor s\u0103 aib\u0103 doi copii \u00een cazul \u00een care mama sau tat\u0103l sunt la r\u00e2ndul lor copii unici.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 decizie a fost salutat\u0103 drept o m\u0103sur\u0103 important\u0103 de liberalizare a restric\u0163iilor vechi de trei decenii, \u00eens\u0103 date publicate \u00een ianuarie 2015 sugerau c\u0103 mai pu\u0163ine persoane dec\u00e2t se estima au f\u0103cut acest pas pentru a-\u015fi m\u0103ri familia.<\/p>\n<p>\nAproape un milion de cupluri eligibile \u00een cadrul noilor reglement\u0103ri au solicitat, la nivel na\u0163ional, s\u0103 aib\u0103 al doilea copil, anun\u0163a presa de stat la vremea respectiv\u0103. Oficiali din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii apreciau c\u0103 aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 avea s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la dou\u0103 milioane de na\u015fteri la momentul anun\u0163\u0103rii ei \u015fi estimau c\u0103 aproximativ 11 milioane de cupluri erau eligibile.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Potrivit Guvernului, China ar putea deveni \u0163ara cu cea mai b\u0103tr\u00e2n\u0103 popula\u0163ie din lume \u00een doar 15 ani, cu peste 400 de milioane de persoane \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de peste 60 de ani.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nPopula\u0163ia \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nit\u0103 va reprezenta o povar\u0103 pentru serviciile \u00een domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi sociale, potrivit unor cercet\u0103tori, iar cea de a doua economie mondial\u0103 va fi nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 depun\u0103 eforturi s\u0103-\u015fi men\u0163in\u0103 ritmul cre\u015fterii economice.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;China a \u00eenceput deja s\u0103 resimt\u0103 o criz\u0103, aflat\u0103 \u00een plin\u0103 desf\u0103\u015furare, \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte evolu\u0163ia demografic\u0103&#8221;, \u00eei spunea anul acesta lui McKenzie de la CNN Wang Feng, un profesor de la Universitatea Fudan, un influent expert \u00een demografia Chinei.<\/p>\n<p>\n&#8220;Istoria va privi \u00eenapoi c\u0103tre politica copilului unic \u015fi o va considera drept una dintre cele mai grave erori politice pe care China le-a comis \u00een istoria sa modern\u0103&#8221;, aprecia el.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen opinia lui Wang, aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 a copilului unic a fost ineficient\u0103 \u015fi inutil\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 rata fertilit\u0103\u0163ii intra deja \u00een sc\u0103dere \u00een anii &#8217;80.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legiuitorii chinezi au adoptat duminic\u0103 un pachet legislativ care le va permite cuplurilor s\u0103 aib\u0103 doi copii \u00eencep\u00e2nd de la 1 ianuarie, \u00een cadrul unei sesiuni a Comitetului Permanent al Adun\u0103rii na\u0163ionale populare, potrivit agen\u0163iei oficiale China Nou\u0103, relateaz\u0103 CNN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[6545,4669,310],"class_list":["post-130334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-china","tag-familie","tag-parlament"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=130334"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130334\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=130334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=130334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=130334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}