{"id":119279,"date":"2015-03-18T14:20:57","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T14:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=119279"},"modified":"2015-03-18T14:20:57","modified_gmt":"2015-03-18T14:20:57","slug":"arma-contra-cancerului-celule-bolnave-transformate-in-celule-ale-sistemului-imunitar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=119279","title":{"rendered":"Arm\u0103 contra cancerului: Celule bolnave, transformate \u00een celule ale sistemului imunitar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u00cen \u00eencerc\u0103rile lor de a g\u0103si metode de a preveni moartea celulelor canceroase \u00een timpul experimentelor de laborator, oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 de la Universitatea Stanford au descoperit c\u0103 este posibil s\u0103 for\u0163eze celule canceroase care provoac\u0103 leucemie s\u0103 se maturizeze \u015fi s\u0103 se transforme \u00eentr-un tip de celule ale sistemului imunitar care pot ajuta organismul s\u0103 lupte \u00eempotriva cancerului. Studiul a fost publicat \u00een Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), informeaz\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/iflscience.com\" target=\"_blank\">iflscience.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\nLeucemia limfoblastic\u0103 acut\u0103 este o form\u0103 de cancer cu dezvoltare rapid\u0103 \u015fi foarte agresiv\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 celulele imature ce ar trebui s\u0103 se transforme \u00een globule albe (limfocite). Exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de leucemie limfoblastic\u0103 acut\u0103, clasificate \u00een func\u0163ie de tipul de limfocite care sunt afectate de cancer (celule B sau celule T) \u015fi de stadiul de maturizare al acestora.<\/p>\n<p>\nPentru aceast\u0103 cercetare, savan\u0163ii au studiat cel mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnit tip, leucemia limfoblastic\u0103 acut\u0103 de tip B. Dup\u0103 cum arat\u0103 \u015fi numele, acest tip de cancer apare \u00een urma bloc\u0103rii \u00eentr-un stadiu incipient de maturizare a unor globule albe de tip B. Aceste celule imature sunt incapabile s\u0103 se transforme pe deplin \u00een globule albe de tip B normale, \u00een parte din cauza pierderii unor molecule celulare care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ca factori de transcrip\u0163ie, care sunt esen\u0163iali \u00een procesul de dezvoltare a celulei. Factorii de transcrip\u0163ie sunt proteine care ader\u0103 la fragmente de ADN \u015fi apoi activeaz\u0103 sau dezactiveaz\u0103 gene din acea por\u0163iune de ADN.<\/p>\n<p>\nLeucemia limfoblastic\u0103 acut\u0103 de tip B este un tip de cancer foarte agresiv, cu o rat\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 de vindecare \u015fi supravie\u0163uire, astfel c\u0103 speciali\u015ftii de la Universitatea Stanford doreau s\u0103 afle mai multe detalii despre aceast\u0103 maladie, \u00een speran\u0163a descoperirii unor moduri de a o combate, dar aveau probleme \u00een a men\u0163ine vii, \u00een laborator, celulele prelevate de la pacien\u0163i. &#8220;Am \u00eencercat tot ce \u015ftiam pentru a le men\u0163ine \u00een via\u0163\u0103&#8221;, a declarat Ravi Majeti, cercet\u0103tor \u015fef, potrivit unui comunicat de pres\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Dup\u0103 ce au expus celulele unui anumit factor de transcrip\u0163ie, savan\u0163ii au observat c\u0103 aceste celule au \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi schimbe forma \u015fi m\u0103rimea, dob\u00e2ndind morfologia specific\u0103 unui tip de globule albe responsabile cu &#8220;devorarea&#8221; celulelor bolnave \u015fi a agen\u0163ilor patogeni precum bacteriile, cunoscute sub numele de macrofage.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\nCercet\u0103torii au \u00eenceput apoi s\u0103 analizeze aceste celule \u00een laborator \u015fi au descoperit c\u0103 acestea exprimau gene similare celor ale macrofagelor normale \u015fi erau capabile s\u0103 execute func\u0163ii variate caracteristice acestui tip de globule albe, precum devorarea bacteriilor. Mai mult, atunci c\u00e2nd savan\u0163ii au introdus aceste celule reprogramate \u00een organismul unor \u015foareci f\u0103r\u0103 sistem imunitar, celulele modificate nu au dus la apari\u0163ia cancerului.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 au motive s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 aceste celule modificate nu numai c\u0103 vor fi neutralizate prin prisma fostei lor identit\u0103\u0163i de celule canceroase, ci \u015fi c\u0103 vor putea ajuta organismul s\u0103 declan\u015feze un r\u0103spuns imunitar \u00eempotriva altor celule canceroase.<\/strong> Acest lucru ar fi posibil pentru c\u0103 macrofagele adun\u0103 informa\u0163ii referitor la celulele anormale sau agen\u0163i patogeni \u015fi pot aduna alte celule ale sistemului imunitar pentru a declan\u015fa un atac \u00eempotriva factorilor patogeni.<\/p>\n<p>\nUrm\u0103torul pas al proiectului de cercetare implic\u0103 c\u0103utarea unei metode prin care celulele canceroase ale leucemiei limfoblastice acute de tip B s\u0103 fie supuse acestei conversii \u00eentr-un mod viabil din punct de vedere clinic, lucru care a fost deja realizat de al\u0163i cercet\u0103tori pentru un alt tip de cancer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cercet\u0103torii americani de la Universitatea Stanford au reu\u015fit s\u0103 transforme celulele maligne dintr-un anumit tip de cancer foarte agresiv \u00een celule ale sistemului imunitar, o reu\u015fit\u0103 care are \u015fansa de a deveni o arm\u0103 eficient\u0103 \u00een lupta contra acestei maladii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[510],"tags":[14610,39847,7853],"class_list":["post-119279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate","tag-cancer","tag-sistem-imunitar","tag-studiu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=119279"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119279\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=119279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=119279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=119279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}