\nEvul Mediu a fost o perioad\u0103 \u00een care moneda s-a diversificat, fiecare regat folosind propriul sistem monetar. Monedele bizantine \u015fi-au p\u0103strat puterea de circula\u0163ie, cele create de Constantin cel Mare, milliarense, siliqua \u015fi solidusul, la mijlocul secolului al IX-lea ap\u0103r\u00e2nd, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 monedele plane \u015fi unele concave (skeyphate). Lumea medieval\u0103 a folosit drept etalon, pe r\u00e2nd, dinarul, grosul \u015fi talerul, dar statele germane au adoptat pfenigul, care \u00een Anglia a devenit penny.<\/p>\n
\nPerperul a fost emis de \u00eemp\u0103ratul Alexis I, \u00een cadrul unei mari reforme monetare, \u00een anii 1092 \u2013 1093. Moneda a fost b\u0103tut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la finele domniei lui Andronic al III-lea, \u00een 1328. \u00cen secolul XII statele germane scot piese noi, a\u015fa numitele bactreate \u2013 bani de tinichea, foarte sub\u0163iri, care fo\u015fneau. \u00cen secolul XIII \u00een Anglia apare sterlingul, moned\u0103 din argint, \u00een Austria crei\u0163arul (cu o cruce \u2013 kreutz \u2013 pe revers) iar la Floren\u0163a florinul, de aur. Cruciadele \u015fi sumele importante de bani necesare finan\u0163\u0103rii acestora au constituit un stimul pentru sistemul bancar european.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen jurul anului 900 \u00een China apar banii de h\u00e2rtie, iar \u00een 960 emisiunile de bancnote au devenit regulate. Rezultatul nu este greu de ghicit: infla\u0163ie, c\u0103m\u0103t\u0103rie, dar \u015fi primul tratat despre monet\u0103rie, al \u00eemp\u0103ratului Hung Tsun (1149). Banii de h\u00e2rtie sunt folosi\u0163i \u015fi de Imperiul Mongol, care dup\u0103 1230 includea \u015fi China. \u00een urm\u0103toarea sut\u0103 de ani h\u00e2rtia devine ban \u00een India, Japonia \u015fi Persia. Dup\u0103 1400 putem vorbi deja de hiperinfla\u0163ie \u2013 o bancnot\u0103 cu o valoare nominal\u0103 de 1000 de monede ajunge s\u0103 valoreze numai trei.<\/p>\n
\nEuropenii afl\u0103 despre banii de h\u00e2rtie de la Marco Polo, care a tr\u0103it \u00een China \u00eentre 1275 \u015fi 1292.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen 1355 Nicole Oresme, cel mai important economist al Evului Mediu public\u0103 De Origine Natura Jura et Mutationibus Monetrum, unde face conexiunea dintre cantitatea de metal pre\u0163ios aflat \u00een circula\u0163ie \u015fi valoarea banilor. \u00cen 1370 Oresme devine consilier al regelui Charles V al Fran\u0163ei.<\/p>\n
\nDin 1400 \u00eencep s\u0103 apar\u0103 b\u0103ncile, la Barcelona \u015fi la Genoa \u00een timp ce la Floren\u0163a este legalizat\u0103 modificarea dob\u00e2nzilor.
\n1440 \u00eensemn\u0103 inventarea tiparului, de c\u0103tre Gutenberg. Tiparni\u0163a este modificat\u0103, printre al\u0163ii \u015fi de Leonardo da Vinci, pentru a putea fi folosit\u0103 la producerea banilor, cu 200 de ani \u00eenainte de apari\u0163ia primelor bancnote \u00een lumea occidental\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nCincisprezece ani mai t\u00e2rziu chinezii renun\u0163\u0103 la banii de h\u00e2rtie, dup\u0103 500 de ani de folosire a acestora. La baza deciziei pare a sta infla\u0163ia.<\/p>\n
\nPentru europeni urmeaz\u0103 perioada marilor descoperiri geografice \u2013 America, drumul spre India, conchistadorii \u00een America de Sud – iar dezvoltarea comercial\u0103 care a urmat acestora a fost c\u00e2t se poate de benefic\u0103 dezvolt\u0103rii sistemului financiar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Evul Mediu a fost o perioad\u0103 \u00een care moneda s-a diversificat, fiecare regat folosind propriul sistem monetar. Monedele bizantine \u015fi-au p\u0103strat puterea de circula\u0163ie, cele create de Constantin cel Mare, milliarense, siliqua \u015fi solidusul, la mijlocul secolului al IX-lea ap\u0103r\u00e2nd, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 monedele plane \u015fi unele concave (skeyphate). Lumea medieval\u0103 a folosit drept etalon, pe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[586],"tags":[9060,5828,4164,7267,17254,82,15976,6545,7689,30806,7442,12825,32766,7921,9863,37446,303,232,184,242,10287,8326,16610,31985,19981,12984,68,13211,32942,7287,465],"class_list":["post-113379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arta-si-societate","tag-adoptare","tag-america","tag-anglia","tag-banci","tag-bancnote","tag-bani","tag-bataie","tag-china","tag-circulatie","tag-creare","tag-dezvoltare","tag-drept","tag-folosire","tag-germania","tag-hartie","tag-imparat","tag-important","tag-india","tag-inflatie","tag-istorie","tag-mediu","tag-modificare","tag-monede","tag-pastrare","tag-perioada","tag-piese","tag-putere","tag-reforme","tag-scoatere","tag-sistem","tag-valoare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=113379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113379\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=113379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=113379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=113379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}