\nCine putea s\u0103 marcheze apari\u0163ia monedelor metalice, apropiate de forma modern\u0103, dac\u0103 nu Herodot, p\u0103rintele istoriei? Acesta critica spiritul mercantil al locuitorilor cet\u0103\u0163ii Lidia, colonie greceasc\u0103 din Asia mic\u0103, care nu s-au mul\u0163umit s\u0103 bat\u0103 moned\u0103, dar au \u015fi inventat magazinele.Primele monezi au ap\u0103rut \u00een 640 \u2013 630 \u00ee.Ch., fiind fabricate din electrum (aur alb \u2013 un aliaj de aur din r\u00e2urile actualei Anatolii \u015fi din argint, \u00een propor\u0163ii egale). Apari\u0163ia monedei, repede adoptat\u0103 \u00een varii forme de restul civiliza\u0163iei antice, a dus \u015fi la apari\u0163ia primului bancher. Acesta a fost Pithius, care, la \u00eenceputul celui de-al cincilea secol \u00eenainte de Hristos opera \u00een Asia Mic\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nTot \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 monedele \u00ee\u015fi fac apari\u0163ia \u015fi \u00een China, de form\u0103 rotund\u0103 \u015fi din metal; nu aveau o valoare foarte mare \u015fi s-au dovedit incomode \u00een tranzac\u0163iile costisitoare, spune Glyn Davies, \u00een lucrarea Istoria banilor.<\/p>\n
\nCet\u0103\u0163ile grece\u015fti Atena \u015fi Corinth \u00eencep s\u0103 bat\u0103 moned\u0103 proprie \u00een 575 \u2013 570 \u00ee.Ch., iar un sfert de veac mai t\u00e2rziu legendarul rege Cressus \u00eencepe s\u0103 produc\u0103, \u00een Lidia, monede de aur \u015fi argint. Capturat de persani, Cressus deschide drumul primilor bani \u00een Persia, care se \u00eendr\u0103gostesc rapid de monezile din aur.<\/p>\n
\nApari\u0163ia monezilor duce, inevitabil, la ceea ce peste secole, \u00een presa financiar\u0103, vor fi denumite \u201csucess stories\u201d; prima pare a fi cea a sclavului atenian Pasion, care devine \u00een anii 394 \u2013 371 \u00ee.Ch. cel mai \u00eenst\u0103rit \u015fi faimos bancher grec, c\u00e2\u015ftig\u00e2ndu-\u015fi, totodat\u0103, \u015fi libertatea.<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen timp ce Pasion \u00ee\u015fi dezvolta pasiunea pentru bani, pe alte meleaguri, la Roma, g\u00e2\u015ftele se dovedeau paznici vigilen\u0163i ai Capitoliului (unde se p\u0103strau rezervele monetare ale cet\u0103\u0163ii). Preveni\u0163i asupra atacului galilor, romanii i-au mul\u0163umit zei\u0163ei Moneta, din al c\u0103rui nume deriv\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul \u201cmoney\u201d. <\/p>\n
\nM\u00e2nuirea banilor se dezvolt\u0103: \u00een Grecia cu 350 de ani \u00eenainte de Hristos dob\u00e2nda practicat\u0103 pentru activit\u0103\u0163i cumin\u0163i, cum este mor\u0103ritul, era de 10%, \u00een timp ce pentru activit\u0103\u0163ile ce implicau riscuri sporite, cum ar fi transportul naval o dob\u00e2nd\u0103 de 30% era normal\u0103.<\/p>\n
\nAlexandru cel Mare poate trece drept unul din primii mari cheltuitori ai lumii: \u00eentre\u0163inerea uria\u015fei sale armate costa o jum\u0103tate de ton\u0103 de argint pe zi. Dar cuceririle sale \u015fi pr\u0103zile bogate au stimulat schimburile comerciale; drept urmare Alexandru a simplificat cursul de schimb, fix\u00e2nd o rat\u0103 de schimb de 10 monezi de argint pentru una de aur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cine putea s\u0103 marcheze apari\u0163ia monedelor metalice, apropiate de forma modern\u0103, dac\u0103 nu Herodot, p\u0103rintele istoriei? Acesta critica spiritul mercantil al locuitorilor cet\u0103\u0163ii Lidia, colonie greceasc\u0103 din Asia mic\u0103, care nu s-au mul\u0163umit s\u0103 bat\u0103 moned\u0103, dar au \u015fi inventat magazinele.Primele monezi au ap\u0103rut \u00een 640 \u2013 630 \u00ee.Ch., fiind fabricate din electrum (aur alb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[586],"tags":[14681,15374,370,5826,286,4124,82,34535,7688,7442,7458,33133,12825,5842,274,25187,242,9977,387,16610,30066,15658,32845,80,19707],"class_list":["post-113377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arta-si-societate","tag-activitati","tag-aparitie","tag-argint","tag-asia","tag-aur","tag-bancheri","tag-bani","tag-cetate","tag-critici","tag-dezvoltare","tag-dobanda","tag-dovedire","tag-drept","tag-grecia","tag-incepere","tag-inventie","tag-istorie","tag-locuitori","tag-magazine","tag-monede","tag-monezi","tag-multumire","tag-parinte","tag-refuz","tag-timp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=113377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113377\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=113377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=113377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=113377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}