{"id":104179,"date":"2014-02-14T14:05:18","date_gmt":"2014-02-14T14:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=104179"},"modified":"2014-02-14T14:05:18","modified_gmt":"2014-02-14T14:05:18","slug":"capitalistul-saptamanii-nicolae-malaxa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/?p=104179","title":{"rendered":"Capitalistul s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii: Nicolae Malaxa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\nAcolo a ob\u0163inut diploma de inginer \u015fi a \u00eenceput activitatea \u00een domeniul produc\u0163iei de font\u0103. Imediat dup\u0103 Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial, la data de 3 august 1921, a \u00eenfiin\u0163at la periferia Bucure\u015ftiului un atelier de fabricare de material rulant \u015fi pentru reparat locomotive \u015fi vagoane. \u00cen 1923, a \u00eenceput construc\u0163ia din temelii a unei uzine l\u00e2ng\u0103 Halta Titan, iar c\u00e2\u0163iva ani mai t\u00e2rziu, a \u00eencheiat un contract cu societatea C\u0103ilor Ferate Rom\u00e2ne pentru fabricarea unor locomotive de concep\u0163ie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Pentru ob\u0163inerea contractului s-a dovedit util\u0103 o lege publicat\u0103 \u00een 1927, prin care se \u00eencuraja dezvoltarea industriei na\u0163ionale. \u00cen 1928, pe por\u0163ile fabricii a ie\u015fit prima locomotiv\u0103 cu abur care purta numele constructorului rom\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>\nCel mai mare nivel al produc\u0163iei a fost realizat \u00een 1935, c\u00e2nd s-au fabricat 93 de locomotive, iar \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1939, uzinele Malaxa au fost \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 toate categoriile \u015fi tipurile de locomotive. \u00cen paralel cu produc\u0163ia de locomotive, Nicolae Malaxa a construit fabrica de \u0163evi din o\u0163el f\u0103r\u0103 sudur\u0103, aplic\u00e2nd pentru prima dat\u0103 pe continent un procedeu american de laminare. \u00cen 1937-1938, \u00een incinta fabricii de material rulant, industria\u015ful a construit fabrica de muni\u0163ii de artilerie \u015fi armament. Nicolae Malaxa a fost un precursor al vremurilor sale, asigur\u00e2ndu-le muncitorilor salarii printre cele mai bune din Rom\u00e2nia, asisten\u0163\u0103 social\u0103 \u015fi medical\u0103, echipamente de lucru \u015fi mas\u0103 la cantin\u0103. \u00cen 1945, a construit \u015fi primul prototip al unui automobil marca Malaxa, a c\u0103rui evolu\u0163ie a fost \u00eentrerupt\u0103 de regimul comunist. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor \u201930, din concernul Malaxa f\u0103ceau parte \u015fi uzinele Faur, Republica, Tohan Z\u0103rne\u015fti \u015fi Magazinele Unite de Fier\u0103rie din Gala\u0163i.<\/p>\n<p>\nGloria lui Malaxa nu este lipsit\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 de controverse: istoricii sus\u0163in c\u0103 s-a \u00eembog\u0103\u0163it datorit\u0103 sprijinului acordat de guvern sub form\u0103 de credite \u015fi comenzi de stat. Guvernul \u00eei oferea capitalul, iar apoi cump\u0103ra produc\u0163ia solicitat\u0103, fiind ani \u00een care 98% din produc\u0163ie era livrat\u0103 c\u0103tre stat, iar profiturile atingeau rate cuprinse \u00eentre 300 \u015fi 1.000%. Au existat zvonuri care spuneau c\u0103 afacerea era puternic sprijinit\u0103 de regele Carol al II-lea, c\u0103tre care s-ar fi \u00eentors o parte din profituri. Dup\u0103 na\u0163ionalizare, regimul comunist l-a tolerat pe Malaxa, el devenind salariatul propriei uzine, unde a lucrat ca inginer p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1948. \u00cen acest an, a plecat cu o delega\u0163ie comercial\u0103 la Vie-na \u015fi nu s-a mai \u00eentors \u00een \u0163ar\u0103. A plecat apoi \u00een SUA, unde a cerut cet\u0103\u0163enie, care nu i-a fost acordat\u0103 din cauza renumelui c\u0103 livrase material de r\u0103zboi Germaniei \u015fi \u00eei finan\u0163ase pe legionari. Nicolae Malaxa a tr\u0103it astfel cu resursele b\u0103ne\u015fti pe care le avea \u00een b\u0103nci p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1965, c\u00e2nd a murit \u00een New Jersey.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nicolae Malaxa s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1884 \u00een ora\u015ful Hu\u015fi, \u00eentr-o familie de comercian\u0163i arom\u00e2ni, veni\u0163i din Grecia \u015fi stabili\u0163i \u00een localitate la \u00eenceputul secolului al XIX-lea. Malaxa a urmat \u015fcoala primar\u0103 \u015fi liceul \u00een Ia\u015fi, iar apoi p\u0103rin\u0163ii l-au trimis pentru studii la Politehnica din Karlsruhe, Germania.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3850],"tags":[7704,4669,7921,5842,15031,8545,274,16400,26214,10162,259,8871,15153,7853,30047],"class_list":["post-104179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lideri","tag-comercianti","tag-familie","tag-germania","tag-grecia","tag-husi","tag-iasi","tag-incepere","tag-liceu","tag-nastere","tag-parinti","tag-productie","tag-scoala","tag-stabilire","tag-studiu","tag-trimitere"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104179\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bm.dev.synology.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}